In this week’s edition: How the U.S-U.K. deal sets the stage for the rest of the world; reading the signals from Washington’s trade talks with China; what Trump is looking for when making a deal.

Noteworthy

By John Stackhouse

It was a good week for Canada—and a better one for Britain. Next week may be another story.

• Mark Carney got some fresh daylight on trade talks and managed to reposition negotiations with Donald Trump as much more than trade. Get ready for a new North American Security Partnership.

• Neither leader threw Mexico’s Claudia Sheinbaum under the bus, but plenty of Mexican business leaders are for her lack of progress with Trump.

• Britain secured its own deal with Trump that was neither big nor beautiful but is suddenly the template that the U.S. will use with other countries. Not unlike pattern bargaining in the auto sector.

• The U.K.-U.S. arrangement is essentially a sectoral handshake. More British Land Rovers for more American cheeseburgers. (Cars for cows, in other words.) The end of the beginning, as Carney might say. But for Britain, it’s a competitive advantage against the EU, especially when layered on top of its much more comprehensive agreement.

• British PM Keir Starmer is hoping to stop in Ottawa mid-June, enroute to the G7 in Alberta, and that’s where reality may bite. Canada-U.K. trade talks have been rocky for a few years, largely because of the farm lobby in both countries. Any bets on Carney serving British cheese, or Starmer sipping Canadian milk?

• That leaves the two allies to focus on defence procurement. Carney has been keen to buy more BAE supplies, as an example, but he also has to keep options open with Trump, who wants Canada (and Britain) to buy more American planes and weapons systems.

• Mark June 16-17 on the calendar for a G7 that will be as epic as the mountains around Kananaskis. Expect it to be largely about security (with a NATO summit to follow in late June), and whether the post-war pillars of democracy will trade with each other as they remilitarize or cut their own deals. Whether Canada and Britain stick together, or get wedged by the U.S., will be one signal.

Need to know

18: Countries that the U.S. is reportedly prioritizing for trade talks.

79: Percentage of Americans who think the USMCA is good for the U.S. economy, according to The Chicago Council on Global Affairs latest survey. That includes 90% of Democrats and 72% of Republicans surveyed.

2,500: U.S. products, including olive oil and wine, that will have reduced tariffs under the U.S.-U.K. Economic Prosperity Deal.

100,000: British vehicles for which U.S. tariffs are lowered to 10% as part of the deal. Rolls-Royce engines will be able to enter tariff free.

The view from Washington

For a good hint as to how the U.S. is approaching its trade talks with China, consider who’s at the table this weekend in Geneva.

In: Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer

Out: Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and White House Trade and Manufacturing Counselor Peter Navarro

Sending Bessent and Greer, perceived as more moderate, indicates that practicality and progress will take precedence over maximalist political ideology. Of note: Bessent landed the leading role after delivering the long sought-after U.S.-Ukraine natural resources deal for the White House.

A few agenda items for this weekend—and future meetings:

• Defence: Beijing’s use of export controls on rare earth and critical minerals target vulnerabilities in U.S. supply chains for semiconductors, fighter jets, submarines, and other products vital for the US defence industrial base.

• Advanced tech: Chinese practices and commercial policies, specifically joint-venture requirements for operating in China and disclosure requirements for attaining licenses, force foreign firms to transfer sensitive IP as a requisite for accessing the Chinese market.

• Shipping: U.S. shipbuilders and maritime workers have complained about Chinese practices that depress shipbuilding costs, specifically low-wage or forced labour and excess supply of shipbuilding inputs spurred by government subsidies.

What does Trump really want?

There will be a few recurring themes as Trump races to close 90 deals in 90 days:

• Reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers: Trump views the trade posture of many countries as unfair to the U.S. and seeks to reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers wherever possible.

• Purchase agreements: Driven by the need to reduce the trade deficit, deals will likely include purchase agreements—take, for instance, China’s purchase commitment to buy US$200 billion worth of goods (which, ultimately, China did not meet).

• Exemptions: Trump and his team are facing significant pressure to exempt goods considered strategic, necessary, or ones where the U.S. is heavily reliant on imports—from baby powder to car seats. Expect more exemptions blunting the impact of trade actions.

• Investment commitments: Although inward investment will reduce the U.S. net international investment position, Trump likes to see foreign countries and companies invest in the U.S., akin to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company’s Arizona semiconductor fabrication facility.

• Exchange-rate corrections: Market observers have been bearish about a ‘Mar-a-Lago Accord’ to correct the trade deficit through coordinated weaking of the U.S. dollar. Not only would such cross-border coordination be unlikely, the biggest target for currency manipulation, China, is highly unlikely to appreciate the renminbi.

Welcome back to Trade Zone. Week Two. (Still in beta—so let us know what you think.)

Notebook

By John Stackhouse

It’s a big week ahead for shifts, in government and the private sector. Mark Carney is off to the White House on Tuesday, to reset relations. Expect some healthy talk about military spending, and how Canada can do more sophisticated investments for North American security. More drones. More cybersecurity. Can we make those future exports, too?

I spent part of the week in Vancouver—Canada’s gateway to the Asia-Pacific. The port looked to be thriving, thanks to massive shifts underway in supply chains:

• Chinese and Vietnamese producers are moving goods and inputs to Canada, as they game the Trump tariffs.

• A major B.C. agrifood producer told me his U.S. buyer has re-rerouted his company’s output to Singapore, and directed a New Zealand supplier to feed the U.S.

• A major clothing producer explained how they’re making tariff-factored pricing decisions this week on Back-to-School products that will hit North American stores in August.

• Another global firm told me they’ve been quietly reducing Chinese productions (now just 20%) but it’s a race to stay ahead of Trump negotiations with other markets like India.

Expect these shifts to continue.

The week in numbers

$900M is how much Apple says Trump’s tariffs could cost the tech giant this quarter. CEO Tim Cook said most iPhones for the U.S. market will now be made in India, not China.

60% fewer cargo ships travelled between China and the U.S. in April, according to one estimate. Softening demand has prompted some companies to use smaller ships.

750 jobs lost at the General Motors plant in Oshawa, Ont. The automaker has responded to tariffs by moving from three shifts to two.

Need to know

• Before Carney goes to Washington, we have thoughts on what an economic and security deal with the U.S. could include:

  • Energy and economic security: Negotiators will want to address longstanding irritants (digital services tax, softwood-lumber dispute, strengthening rules of origin). Expect movement and strategies on gas, nuclear and critical minerals.

  • Defense and Arctic security: Everything from the plan to meet 2% defence spending targets, to NORAD modernization, dual-use accounting, social and economic infrastructure investments in the North, including an Arctic port, and expanding shipbuilding/icebreaker commitments.

  • Border security: Although Canada has made investments in border security, further collaboration, especially on money laundering, immigration and drug/arms trafficking, will likely come up during negotiations.

The big question

This week, we turned to Sue Noble, RBC’s Vice President Automotive Finance National Office, for the answer.

Q: What’s your main takeaway from Trump’s auto-tariff relief announcement this week?
SN: While the relief may be seen as a positive move, there continues to be a high degree of uncertainty that makes it challenging for manufacturers and the industry. North American production varies by manufacturer and even by brand. Without certainty on a long-term strategy for tariffs, we expect car manufacturers to take a cautious approach.

Final word

“The American people–the businesses here in America, the consumers here in America–are better off with a more stable relationship with your biggest customer. It makes sense for Americans, and it makes sense for the people who have put the President into the White House, to have affordable products to buy, to have relationships where companies invest in their communities. Companies don’t invest when there’s instability.”

–Kirsten Hillman, Canadian Ambassador to the United States (The Atlantic on the Future event in Washington, April 29^th)

Welcome to the first edition of Trade Zone. It’s in beta testing, so please let us know what you think. Every week, our team at RBC Thought Leadership will share what we’re hearing from governments, learning from clients and seeing in our research. We’ll also give you a cheat sheet on the week, to help you keep pace.

Notebook

By John Stackhouse

• If Mark Carney’s Liberals are re-elected on Monday, as polls are suggesting, expect them to shift their focus South and West by the end of the week.

• To the South, expect a crew of newbies across the bureaucracy, as well as PMO, with experience in the U.S. A call with Donald Trump will top the To-Do list, with more than trade on their minds. “Comprehensive partnership” is one term floating about—to cover border security, immigration, Arctic and defence issues. And yes, trade, even if USMCA may not be long for this world in its current form.

• Expect to see a highly structured and strategic Canadian approach, colliding with a highly unstructured American approach. The Trump team had been telling Canadians to avoid working groups or outside “experts.” Side note: American negotiators are driving the Mexicans batty with demands for them to control tomato shipments before any deal is reached.

• The Trump team has been losing in the courts and in the markets. If that continues, Canada may opt for the long game, following Napoleon’s advice: “Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake.”

• To the West, watch for outreach from Ottawa to Alberta and Saskatchewan, with a focus on diversification of exports. That will take a lot more than a new pipeline (which may be on the table), as our resource-driven provinces think about new markets. Dow Chemical’s bombshell decision this week to delay its Alberta plant is just the latest trade warning. (I wrote about the Big Pivot on our Trade Hub, drawing on conversations this week at Public Policy Forum’s annual Growth Summit, which is a bit of an Olympics for policy wonks.)

• Caught between the Potomac and the Prairies is Ontario, but not for long. Doug Ford stole the show at the PPF Summit with a feisty attack on Trump (“Sometimes the cheese seems to fall off the cracker with that guy”) and a passionate shout-out for Progressive Conservatives. Ford seems ready to play bad cop to the next PM’s good cop. He may be warming up for another role, too.

• Get ready to hear more about Europe as a new (old) partner, for military procurement, AI standards and, yes, trade. Those conversations will grow ahead of the G7 summit in Alberta in June, when we’re expecting LNG and data centres to be front and centre. If the Trump team shows up—no bets there—they’ll want to ensure some alignment on LNG finance, especially for emerging markets, and access to gas-powered electricity for their hyperscalers (the latest euphemism for Big Tech).

• Climate is creeping back into the trade conversation, although not in North America. Europe is marching ahead with border carbon adjustments (just don’t call them carbon tariffs). Japan is also advancing an emissions trading system, including cross-border carbon credits and a surcharge on fossil fuels (just don’t call it a carbon tax). Expect Canada’s Balkanized industrial carbon pricing system to be part of a likely discussion on the G7 sidelines. (Did we tell you that will be in Alberta?)

• Indigenous equity will be an important aspect of any new trade relations, much more so than even five years ago. We’re part of the big First Nations Major Projects Coalition conference in Toronto next week and expecting both Ford and possibly a new PM to use the platform to advance their investment strategies. (No investment, no trade.) Other key guests will include Indigenous leaders from Alaska and Utah— hello, Republicans—who may offer a different kind of cross-border relationship.

Need to know

➔ We estimate that $125 billion is at risk for Canada as U.S President Donald Trump eyes 5 strategic sectors.

➔ In a bid to escape tariffs and wait out the trade war, third-party sellers on Amazon and Walmart are shifting stock from China to tariff-free warehouses in Canada.

➔ Not a single new IPO was completed on the TSX or Venture Exchange in Q1. Trade war is scaring companies south of the border, too.

➔ Coke vs. Pepsi: Who’s the winner of the ultimate taste, er, tariff test?

➔ Where we see Canada’s debt ratio headed over the next three years in a worst-case tariff

Final Word(s)

“All eyes right now are on the Arctic. We are the gateway to the Northwest passage and at the forefront of the conversation when we’re talking about security and sovereignty.”
—P.J. Akeeagok, Premier of Nunavut

“People are not going to race to build manufacturing in America. With the policy volatility, you actually undermine the very goal you’re trying to achieve.”
—Ken Griffin, Citadel CEO

“The renegotiation of the USMCA included a very forward-looking digital-trade agreement. I think there is meaningful opportunity there, and that’s in contrast with what you have seen in some other countries, where data sovereignty has been more restrictive.”
—David Schwimmer, CEO of the London Stock Exchange

“The EU is working on a targeted and measured response in case we cannot reach a deal [with the U.S.] rapidly.”
—Eric Lombard, France’s Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry