{"id":27351,"date":"2026-05-12T00:58:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T00:58:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/?post_type=rbc_tl&#038;p=27351"},"modified":"2026-05-12T14:10:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T14:10:39","slug":"steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry","status":"publish","type":"rbc_tl","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner border\" style=\"border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden\">\n<p class=\"pad-b-0 mob-pad-b-0 mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 mar-t-hlf mob-mar-t-hlf\"><strong><em>This report is part of RBC Thought Leadership&#8217;s Growth Project, our ongoing initiative to generate new ideas for the Canadian economy. Canada&#8217;s auto industry, which employs 125,000 people and accounts for 10% of Canadian exports, is central to the dynamism of the country&#8217;s wider advanced manufacturing sector and economic relations with the U.S. Over the past 10 months, to help chart a path forward for the industry at this critical moment, we spoke with automakers, parts suppliers and other industry experts to inform the research, which sets out four different futures for the industry.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel mar-t-dbl mob-mar-t-dbl has-rbc-climate-action-seaweed-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-rbc-bright-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3b641357809dd4f8b2889933b6b3a9e7\" id=\"h-key-findings\">Key findings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Canada&#8217;s auto industry is at an inflection point within the North American industry.<\/strong> Washington&#8217;s focus on reviving domestic production threatens to rip up decades-old Montreal-to-Detroit supply chains. In our most pessimistic scenario, auto assembly plants in Canada could shutter by 2040.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Alternatively, Canada\u2019s unit volume could grow to two million by 2040.<\/strong> Continued tariff-free access to the U.S. market could ramp up manufacturing in our most optimistic scenario.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>The industry is also grappling with two global transitions unfolding at different speeds.<\/strong> Electric vehicle adoption is proceeding more slowly than forecast, stranding billions in investments. Meanwhile, AI, autonomy, and software revolutions are accelerating faster than original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) can embed in assembly lines, creating a mismatch between capital commitments and market-ready technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>The auto industry&#8217;s future will be increasingly defined by the value generated per vehicle.<\/strong> The U.S. captures roughly twice the amount of GDP per assembled vehicle than Canada\u2013and the gap is widening. Automation and robotics could lead to a world where fewer workers build more vehicles.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Market access is a powerful, underutilized asset.<\/strong> Only Americans buy more cars, per capita, than Canadians. With 90% of the Canadian market supplied by imports, Canada can link market access to investment commitments across manufacturing, R&amp;D, software, testing, and certification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<p><strong>Canada\u2019s auto industry is at the centre of a storm<\/strong>. This isn\u2019t the first time the industry has been threatened by precipitous conditions, but the present deluge poses a serious\u2014perhaps existential\u2014threat. The greatest source of upheaval comes in the form of President Donald Trump\u2019s use of tariffs to repatriate manufacturing capacity to the American heartland. The year following Trump\u2019s re-election was dotted with a painful series of product line cancellations, plant closures, and the most job losses in Canada\u2019s auto industry since the Great Recession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding to the tariff turmoil are four structural shifts in the industry:<strong><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c36abaa320743b5749c29817e8c3195d\"><strong>Electrification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Electric vehicle adoption initially grew quickly thanks to consumer incentives, emissions rules, and industrial subsidies. But recent incentive rollbacks have made EVs less attractive for consumers, hurting sales, and prompting automakers to pause or cancel EV programs. In the short term, EV adoption may remain uneven due to affordability and charging infrastructure concerns. Long-term, frequent oil market shocks could accelerate adoption as domestically generated electricity leaves countries less exposed to geopolitical instability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8de41166642201c8afddd7b582cbc59a\"><strong>Software <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As new models come loaded with connectivity, autonomy, AI, and electric propulsion, cars are increasingly becoming rolling technology platforms. More of a vehicle\u2019s performance and value depends on batteries, chips, sensors, and software. As a result, the value pool expands beyond final assembly. That\u2019s leading to a retooling of the industry as demand for new expertise and components disrupt the established skills and supply chains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-adf5d7e78f165c025d711bc8115d0730\"><strong>Market<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2025, some 92 million vehicles were sold globally, down from 95 million in 2017. Sales in the U.S. peaked in 2016, with Canada following a year later.<sup><a href=\"#legal-1\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-0c25d315\" data-dig-label=\"1\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">1<\/a><\/sup> The combination of an aging population and rapid urbanization is triggering structural shifts in global demand. That\u2019s even before an impending autonomous vehicle revolution that could reimagine car ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-903a201c5ddc76f00fd4f9bd63fafd64\"><strong>China<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chinese automakers surpassed their Japan rivals as the world\u2019s largest car seller in 2025, having grown its market share from less than 1% to ~35% over the past 25 years. The country\u2019s rising dominance in the global auto market, often with superior technology and lower prices, poses the most significant long-term threat to North America\u2019s auto industry. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, Canada must decide how it positions itself in a transformed global auto system. With US$735 million in annual R&amp;D spending, auto manufacturing is a high-tech, high value industry with substantial spillover benefits across sectors.<sup><a href=\"#legal-2\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-c0fd9f00\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"2\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">2<\/a><\/sup> Canada has several competitive advantages, too\u2014skilled labour, clean and affordable power, and award-winning assembly facilities\u2014that position it well to capture value across the supply chain. Success depends on maintaining the competitiveness of the ecosystem of suppliers, services, and technology providers<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With punitive Section 232 tariffs on steel, aluminum and copper still in force and the Canada-U.S.-Mexico (CUSMA) renegotiations imminent, Canadian policymakers and industry need to weigh the tradeoffs between competing strategic orientations. With that in mind, we look out to 2040 and explore four potential paths for Canada\u2019s auto future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"975\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?quality=80&amp;w=975\" alt=\"China's rising dominance in the\nglobal auto market poses the\nmost significant long-term threat\nto North America\u2019s auto industry.\n\nToyota: Woodstock Assembly - RAV4 Hybrid\n\nGeneral Motors: CAMI Assembly\n(Ingersoll) - Status: Idled Chevy BrightDrop EV Vans cancelled\n\nToyota: Cambridge Plants\n(North and South); south - Lexus RX 350 (ICE + Hybrid)\nLexus RX 500 Hyrbrid; North - Lexus NX (ICE + Hybrid) RAV4 Hybrid\n\nGeneral Motors: St. Catharines\nPropulsion Plant - Next-generation V8 engine\n\nStellantis: Windsor Assembly - Chrysler Pacifica (ICE + Hybrid), Chrysler Grand Caravan + Voyager,  Dodge Charger lineup\n\nHonda: Alliston Plant\nPlant 1: Civic (ICE + Hybrid); Plant 2:\nCR-V (ICE + Hybrid); Plant 3: Four-cylinder engine plant\n\nGeneral Motors: Oshawa Assembly - Chevrolet Silverado - (Light &amp; Heavy-Duty models \n\nSteelantis: Etobicoke Casting Plant - Parts and components\nfor vehicles\n\nFord: Oakville Assembly - Retooling for Ford Super Duty, Plans to build EV, SUVs abandoned\n\nStellantis: Brampton Assembly - Status: Idled; Jeep Compass program moved to Illinoi\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\" class=\"wp-image-27401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?resize=286,300 286w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?resize=768,806 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?resize=975,1024 975w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?resize=1463,1536 1463w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Infographic-MAP.png?resize=1951,2048 1951w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96bc31a23ca63eaee7dc5189d0ec5877\"><strong>Canada\u2019s OEM Industry Profile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table-swipe wp-block-rbc-responsive-table-block is-style-table-striped\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Measure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Estimate Quantities<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Employment<\/td><td>125,000 workers: assembly (35,000), parts (71,000), body and trailer (18,000)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Units Produced<\/td><td>1.3M (2024)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Value Added (GDP)<\/td><td>$17B (2024)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shipments<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/cv!recreate.action?pid=1610011701&amp;selectedNodeIds=2D1,2D2,3D250,3D253&amp;checkedLevels=0D1&amp;refPeriods=20210101,20240101&amp;dimensionLayouts=layout2,layout3,layout2,layout2&amp;vectorDisplay=false\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-a1420f70\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"$102B\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">$102B<\/a> ($<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/cv!recreate.action?pid=1610011701&amp;selectedNodeIds=2D1,2D2,3D250,3D253&amp;checkedLevels=0D1&amp;refPeriods=20210101,20240101&amp;dimensionLayouts=layout2,layout3,layout2,layout2&amp;vectorDisplay=false\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-cb59a0a7\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"64B\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">64B<\/a> vehicles + <a href=\"https:\/\/ised-isde.canada.ca\/app\/ixb\/cis\/manufacturing-fabrication\/3363\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-6e9614fd\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"$38B\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">$38B<\/a> parts)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OEMs<\/td><td>Toyota, Honda, Stellantis, GM, Ford<\/td><\/tr><tr><td># Parts Suppliers<\/td><td>700<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gross Capital Stock<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=DF_STAN_2025&amp;snb=1&amp;df%5bds%5d=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&amp;df%5bid%5d=DSD_STAN%40DF_STAN_2025&amp;df%5bag%5d=OECD.STI.PIE&amp;df%5bvs%5d=1.0&amp;dq=A.CAN.C29.P1%2BP51G%2BN11GA%2BN11NA..&amp;pd=2015%2C&amp;to%5bTIME_PERIOD%5d=false&amp;vw=tb\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-37722224\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"$65B \" class=\"rbc-link-format\">$65B <\/a>(replacement cost)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Robot Density<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/f.hubspotusercontent20.net\/hubfs\/5005023\/Documents\/TAP\/Automation-and-robotics-NGen-Report.pdf\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-1ac44601\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"1,475\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">1,475<\/a> robots \/10,000 employees<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-rbc-bright-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4335e95338a55d60f1a67ccdd0ffb7f8\" id=\"h-the-road-ahead\">The road ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-fast-lane-higher-volume-more-value-and-closer-integration\">1. Fast Lane\u2014Higher volume, more value and closer integration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-assumptions\">Key assumptions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada secures duty-free access to the U.S. market<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Reforms are made to the rules of origin, domestic content requirements, and most favoured nation tariff rates<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Tariffs limit Chinese access to the North American market<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The total cost of EV ownership continues to decline<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Pledged EV investments proceed on a longer timeline<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Advancements in AI and autonomy boost value per vehicle<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada expands its low-carbon grid and strengthens its critical minerals refining capabilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-life-in-the-fast-lane\">Life in the \u2018Fast Lane\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a world where North American integration holds, electrification advances, and value deepens inside existing ecosystems. The five OEMs (General Motors, Ford, Stellantis NV, Honda and Toyota) in Canada maintain their manufacturing presence, but plants that were furloughed or operating at low utilization win new product mandates and increase assembly volumes. The Windsor-Montreal corridor combines assembly plants, Tier-1 suppliers, tooling firms, automation, AI and software firms, and in-market engineering talent that few jurisdictions can replicate. The 700-plus suppliers feature world-class Canadian companies, including Magna, Linamar, Multimatic, and Martinrea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Fast Lane is narrow but navigable. The foundation is restored duty-free trade with the U.S. Reforms to the rules of origin, domestic content requirements, and most-favoured-nation tariff rates further incentivize OEMs to allocate product to Canadian assembly plants.<sup><a href=\"#legal-3\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-66528dda\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"3\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">3<\/a><\/sup> Simultaneously, a protective tariff wall rises around North America to keep Chinese EVs out\u2014creating the competitive breathing room that North American OEMs need to invest with confidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Restored access, coupled with improvement in EV affordability unlocks tens of billions in pledged investment, most of which was deferred during the tariff war. Units assembled climb from 1.3 million in 2025 to 2 million by 2040\u2014as many vehicles as Canadians purchase annually. Plus, Canada\u2019s capabilities in light-weight materials, mobile communications, sensors and controls, software, data analytics, AI, cyber security and battery research are leveraged to win new mandates higher up the value chain.<sup><a href=\"#legal-4\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-b341860a\" data-dig-label=\"4\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Windsor-Montreal corridor functions as a Silicon Valley of the North\u2014with deep engineering talent in autonomy, AI, lightweight materials and embedded systems. This is important since, as McKinsey projects, the software, sensors, control units, and electronics segment of the global industry will grow from US$335 billion to US$520 billion between 2025 and 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The electrification path is longer than originally forecast, but it arrives. After $70 billion in EV write-downs in 2026, battery costs continue to fall while range and charging infrastructure improve. By 2030, market-driven consumer adoption begins. PHEV and BEV penetration rises from 10% in 2025 to 25% by 2030 and more than 60% by 2040. British Columbia and Quebec lead adoption\u2014EV registrations hold around 20% in hydro-powered provinces even after federal rebates expire\u2014before expanding into other markets as economics improve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"605\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canada trails U.S. on GDP-per-vehicle assembled\nMotor vehicles and parts manufacturing GDP per assembled vehicle, USD\/vehicle*\n\n*Canadian industry: Motor vehicles and parts manufacturing; U.S. indsutry: Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts\nGDP is based on chained 2017 dollars; CAD converted to USD\" class=\"wp-image-27536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?resize=300,177 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?resize=768,454 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?resize=1024,605 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?resize=1536,908 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Canada-Trails-1.png?resize=2048,1211 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada&#8217;s critical minerals strategy bolsters Canada\u2019s case. The mining, processing, and secondary manufacture of copper, cobalt, lithium, and magnesium\u2014increasingly concentrated along a Northern Ontario-Quebec supply chain\u2014strengthens battery integrity and reduces OEM exposure to Chinese inputs. Clean, affordable power bolsters the investment case. Ontario and Quebec&#8217;s low-emissions grids\u2014Quebec&#8217;s electricity prices already sit below auto hubs like Michigan and Ohio\u2014matter more in the smart-car era because electrification raises the power load. Computing, testing, and validation add to that demand. A cleaner, cheaper grid widens the margin and reduces carbon exposure on vehicle exports to increasingly emissions-conscious markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Waterloo-Ottawa-Montreal corridor functions as a Silicon Valley of the North\u2014with deep engineering talent in autonomy, AI, lightweight materials and embedded systems. This is important since, as McKinsey projects, the software, sensors, control units, and electronics segment of the global industry will grow from US$335 billion to US$520 billion between 2025 and 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By 2040, Canada has an ecosystem where value is created across the stack\u2014from the mine to the battery cell to the software-defined vehicle\u2014anchored by assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this world, it\u2019s clear the auto industry has become a technology platform, not just a manufacturing industry. The winning auto jurisdictions are not only judged on the number of units they assemble, but by the amount of value captured within each vehicle. Industrial ecosystems, not individual firms, bestow sustained competitive advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategic-tensions\">Strategic tensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada strengthens its position inside the North America auto system but becomes more dependent (and more exposed) to U.S. policy volatility.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>If OEMs vertically integrate, pulling more EV content, software, and system integration in-house, Canada\u2019s move into EVs and smart cars could be threatened.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Restricting Chinese imports and foreign competition raises domestic vehicle prices and delays EV adoption, with implications for transportation emissions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"551\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canada\u2019s EV assembly plants face extended retooling delays\n\nPublicly reported project value (CAD $B\n\n\" class=\"wp-image-27414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?resize=300,162 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?resize=768,414 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?resize=1024,551 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?resize=1536,827 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Extended-retooling.png?resize=2048,1103 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-needs-to-happen\">What needs to happen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>In exchange for duty-free access, Ottawa and the provinces could enter a critical minerals auto pact with the U.S., co-creating incentives (e.g., off-take agreements, stockpiling, price floors) that commercially de-risk private investment flows into the mining and processing of nickel, copper, lithium, graphite, aluminum and REE\u2019s, bolstering North America\u2019s strategic industrial supply chain.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada, the U.S. and Mexico could take a coordinated approach to tariffing EVs, steel, aluminum, and auto parts outside the bloc to hedge against Chinese dumping. All three jurisdictions could align policy on the rules of origin and Most Favoured Nation tariffs to incentivize investment within the bloc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>To ensure an abundance of competitively priced, non-emitting power, Ontario could embark on an aggressive expansion of hydro, nuclear, and wind power, expanding and modernizing the grid. Federal and provincial governments could massively expand charging infrastructure to bolster EV adoption.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>To win new mandates in R&amp;D and software, Ontario and Quebec could consider co-investing with assemblers and parts manufacturers in shared research, testing and validation facilities. Eligibility thresholds for the Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&amp;ED) program could be lowered to attract investment mandates in electronics, connectivity, autonomy, cyber security, and lightweight materials.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Ottawa could consider reforming its immigration strategy to attract and retain professors and graduate students in computer and materials science, mechanical and chemical engineering, and AI and machine learning, deepening the ecosystem of competitively priced tech talent.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" \/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"449\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"The transition to EVs is underway worldwide\" class=\"wp-image-27419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?resize=300,131 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?resize=768,337 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?resize=1024,449 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?resize=1536,673 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Transition-to-EVs.png?resize=2048,898 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-slow-lane-assembly-survives-ev-adoption-slows-value-grows-elsewhere\">2. Slow Lane\u2014Assembly survives, EV adoption slows,value grows elsewhere<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-assumptions-0\">Key assumptions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>CUSMA survives but is diluted<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>EV adoption continues but is slower than expected<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Chinese OEMs expand their presence in Canada\u2019s consumer market<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The U.S. continues to exclude Chinese vehicles&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Critical minerals and clean power lead to select mandate renewals<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada retains strategic value as a site for spillover capacity and assembly diversification<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-drifting-into-the-slow-lane\">Drifting into the \u2018Slow Lane\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada maintains its presence within the North American system, but its position and strategic relevance diminish. The trigger for the Slow Lane scenario is a sub-optimal outcome in trade talks. CUSMA survives the 2026 renegotiation but emerges narrower and less predictable. Canada secures a 10% headline tariff\u2014a 5% effective rate on assembled vehicles\u2014which compresses assembly margins close to zero. It\u2019s not fatal to plant economics, but it changes the calculus for OEM investment allocation committees sitting in Detroit, Tokyo, and Stuttgart. And with the perennial threat of higher tariffs lurking in the background, investing in Canadian operations becomes prohibitively risky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Slow Lane is not a crisis\u2014it sees Canada retain current production\u2014but the higher value layers of the auto ecosystem grow elsewhere. Plants continue to run, retooling investments occur periodically, and assembly employment is largely maintained. Canada steadily cedes the investments, mandates, and capabilities that determine long-term industrial relevance, however<strong>. <\/strong>By 2040, Canada assembles 1.2 million vehicles, but Canada captures a smaller share of the value per vehicle over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ironically, Canada\u2019s auto industry was birthed behind protective tariffs on American-made vehicles.<sup><a href=\"#legal-5\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-1f5c16b1\" data-dig-label=\"5\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">5<\/a><\/sup> In the early twentieth century, a 35% National Policy tariff on imported cars was implemented to protect Canadian production from American competition.<sup><a href=\"#legal-6\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-6699bf69\" data-dig-label=\"6\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">6<\/a><\/sup> Rather than sustain Canadian automakers, the tariffs prompted American giants like Ford and GM to hop over the tariff wall and establish branch plants in Canada.<sup><a href=\"#legal-7\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-f4b8e7df\" data-dig-label=\"7\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">7<\/a><\/sup> This result: Canada became the world&#8217;s second-largest vehicle producer by 1930. By the turn of the century, Canada was assembling three million vehicles a year and ranked first when benchmarked against population. But the country lost that edge, assembling just 1.3 million vehicles by 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The EV transition compounds the problem. Consumer adoption further slows after federal rebates expire\u2014EV registrations fall below 10% nationally in 2025 and do not recover without sustained policy support. ICE and hybrid platforms extend their commercial life, which sounds like a reprieve for assembly but is a strategic trap: the investments Canada made in EV battery supply chains generate returns below their business case assumptions. EV supply remains stranded behind anemic consumer adoption, hindering Canada\u2019s investability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, the fast-growing layers of the industry migrate elsewhere. R&amp;D mandates shrink as engineering and software functions consolidate around U.S. and Japanese assembly hubs. Contract revenues from OEM R&amp;D programs thin out for the Windsor-Montreal corridor. STEM graduates take their skills to better-paying markets. Some of Canada\u2019s homegrown giants remain globally competitive\u2014but their growth happens in the U.S. Sun Belt, Mexico, and Germany, not in Ontario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bb82d10f6b110368d0db5f87a1a01b90\"><strong>Top Auto Assembly Jurisdictions: 2024 vs 1999<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c1b19d68a4c75185d448da35481c659b\"><strong>2024 = 92 million units assembled globally<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table-swipe wp-block-rbc-responsive-table-block is-style-table-striped\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Rank<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Country<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Units Assembled<br>(Million)<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Share of<\/strong><br><strong>Global Total<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Units Assembled <\/strong><br><strong>per 1,000 Residents<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Per Capita <\/strong><br><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>31.3<\/td><td>34%<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>U.S.<\/td><td>10.6<\/td><td>11%<\/td><td>31<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>8.2<\/td><td>9%<\/td><td>66<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>6.0<\/td><td>7%<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Mexico<\/td><td>4.2<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>32<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td><td><em><strong>Canada<\/strong><\/em><\/td><td><strong>1.3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1.5%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>33<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29325a4fc217c64ff745033e87f37231\"><strong>1999 = 56 million units assembled globally<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"table-swipe wp-block-rbc-responsive-table-block is-style-table-striped\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Rank<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Country<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Units Assembled<br>(Million)<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Share of<\/strong><br><strong>Global Total<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Units Assembled <\/strong><br><strong>per 1,000 Residents<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>Per Capita <\/strong><br><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>U.S.<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>23%<\/td><td>47<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><td>18%<\/td><td>78<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Germany<\/td><td>5.7<\/td><td>10%<\/td><td>69<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>3.2<\/td><td>6%<\/td><td>52<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Canada<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3.1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5.4%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>101<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center pad-t-0 mob-pad-t-0 mar-t-0 mob-mar-t-0\">Sources: OICA; UN World Development Indicators<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada&#8217;s aging consumer market reinforces the trajectory. Vehicle sales peaked in 2018 and have not scaled to those heights even as the population had risen by four million by 2025. The slowdown signals structural shifts in ownership patterns among largely urban, younger cohorts who increasingly rely on transit, ride-hailing, and car-sharing. A market that fails to grow in volume gives OEMs less reason to invest in Canadian production capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Governments respond by competing for individual mandates\u2014matching U.S. incentives on a project-by-project basis. The approach is costly and reactive. Each subsidy dollar spent defending existing assembly is a dollar not spent building capabilities\u2014testing infrastructure, advanced manufacturing clusters, engineering talent pipelines\u2014that would make Canada competitive for higher-value mandates. The Parliamentary Budget Office documented that public support for the auto sector between 2020 and 2024 exceeded private capital committed.<sup><a href=\"#legal-8\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-4f44e2f6\" data-dig-label=\"8\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">8<\/a><\/sup> In the Slow Lane, that ratio worsens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"451\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canadian auto sector retains less value than its North American peers\" class=\"wp-image-27532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?resize=300,132 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?resize=768,338 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?resize=1024,451 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?resize=1536,677 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Pie-Chart-Canadian-auto-retain-1.png?resize=2048,903 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By 2040, Canada still ships vehicles, but a growing share of the value inside those vehicles\u2014the software stack, the battery chemistry, the electronic control systems\u2014originates outside Canada&#8217;s borders. The ecosystem gradually thins out with each lost investment mandate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It becomes clear that industrial erosion can occur gradually\u2014not through collapse in unit production, but through declining value per vehicle. Value can migrate outside Canada\u2019s borders while assembly remains within it. Industrial decline does not require plant closure; it occurs through missed investment cycles and diminished mandates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategic-tensions-0\">Strategic tensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada preserves employment and assembly operations but fails to capture the high-growth, high-value segments of the industry.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Governments increase subsidies to retain lower-value layers of the industry, raising fiscal costs without improving ecosystem competitiveness.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-needs-to-happen-0\">What needs to happen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada\u2019s current industrial policy is optimized for this scenario. Investment incentives are concentrated in construction investment, not operational subsidy, and the SR&amp;ED program excludes activities that would have qualified otherwise.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Public policy measures that lower power costs, improve tax competitiveness, reduce regulatory friction, or strengthen critical minerals supply chains are made sparingly, owing to fiscal constraints and industrial uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-on-ramp-canada-turns-to-eurasia-for-investment\">3. On-Ramp\u2014Canada turns to Eurasia for investment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-assumptions-1\">Key assumptions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canadian exports to the U.S. are tariffed at 15%\u20147.5% effective&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada dangles market access as a carrot to attract foreign investment<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Modest tariffs are maintained on Chinese imports<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The EV transition proceeds. By 2040, most vehicles sold in Canada are BEVs&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canadian auto policy pivots to attract non-U.S. investment<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taking-the-on-ramp\">Taking the \u2018On-Ramp\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As North American integration slowly fragments under persistent tariffs\u2014Canadian exports to the U.S. face an effective 7.5% rate\u2014Ottawa recasts trade and industrial policy around a strategic remissions framework. OEMs that invest in Canadian manufacturing, R&amp;D, engineering, or certification receive preferential market access. OEMs that do not are tariffed or exit. The definition of \u2018investment\u2019 is deliberately widened, encompassing not just assembly and parts but software development, testing facilities, systems integration hubs, and regulatory certification capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This attracts a different mix of firms than the traditional North American model. Asian and European OEMs\u2014Hyundai, BMW, BYD, and a cohort of emerging EV and software-defined vehicle producers\u2014view Canada as a gateway market and a hedge against concentration risk in China and the U.S. Some build or expand assembly operations in partnership or independently; others focus on engineering, testing, and specialized production tied to global supply chains. The Windsor-Montreal tech corridor becomes a hub for compliance infrastructure and software validation, positioning Canada as a trusted jurisdiction capable of certifying vehicles for multiple regulatory markets simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"614\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Only Americans buy more than Canadians, per capita\" class=\"wp-image-27546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?resize=300,180 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?resize=768,461 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?resize=1024,614 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?resize=1536,922 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Only-Canadians-buy-more-than-Americans.png?resize=2048,1229 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The purchasing power of the Canadian consumer also comes into play. Only Americans buy more cars than Canadians, per capita. Canadians spend nearly $110 billion annually on cars. And 90% of those vehicles are built abroad. That gives Canada the ability to leverage market access to secure investments. Canadian consumer preferences shape which OEMs make the investment. The Ford F-Series has been Canada&#8217;s best-selling vehicle for 15 consecutive years; the Toyota RAV4 and Honda CR-V dominate the SUV market. This truck-and-SUV profile aligns Canada&#8217;s consumer market with higher-margin, higher-content vehicles\u2014the segment where EV and software integration creates the most value. An OEM that wins the Canadian consumer for its next-generation PHEV pickup or smart crossover earns returns that justify the cost of establishing a Canadian R&amp;D or certification presence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"631\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canada is a prized market for global carmakers\" class=\"wp-image-27439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?resize=300,185 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?resize=768,473 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?resize=1024,631 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?resize=1536,946 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Global-car-makers.png?resize=2048,1261 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The EV transition proceeds in parallel. By 2040, BEVs represent the majority of vehicles sold in Canada, with PHEVs serving as the bridge for the truck and SUV segments where range anxiety remains most acute. OEMs without an assembly footprint in Canada pivot toward R&amp;D investment, software integration, and certification\u2014embedding themselves in Canadian value chains without owning a stamping press. Employment concentrates in high-skill STEM occupations: systems engineers, software architects, regulatory specialists, and battery chemists working along the Windsor-Montreal corridor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada&#8217;s critical minerals endowment and clean power grid serve a dual function. They attract European or Asian OEMs seeking to diversify supply chains away from Chinese inputs, and they give Canada credibility as a partner in global battery supply chains. A vehicle manufacturer that sources lithium and copper through Canadian mining and processing operations builds a supply chain argument for regulators in Europe and the U.S.\u2014and a reason to deepen its Canadian footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"631\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canadians have a penchant for heavier, higher value cars\" class=\"wp-image-27442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?resize=300,185 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?resize=768,473 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?resize=1024,631 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?resize=1536,946 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-heavier-vehicles.png?resize=2048,1261 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By 2040, Canada assembles a million vehicles\u2014the majority sold into its own market. Exports to the U.S. continue to decline, constrained by tariffs that impair competitiveness on lower-margin models. But the measure of Canada&#8217;s auto economy is not just units assembled. It is also the value embedded in modules, systems, and services that Canada increasingly exports: software stacks validated on testing tracks in Oshawa and demonstration facilities in Markham, battery modules assembled from Canadian minerals, and engineering services rendered for global vehicle programs. Canada is less central to North American production decisions and more embedded in global value chains\u2014becoming a technology integrator. That\u2019s a more defensible position than the branch-plant model it replaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategic-tensions-1\">Strategic tensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Trade diversification reduces dependence on the U.S., but risks provoking retaliation or reduced cooperation with Canada\u2019s largest economic and security partner.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Greater openness to Chinese OEMs raises national security, data governance, and supply chain integrity concerns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-needs-to-happen-1\">What needs to happen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada\u2019s remissions framework could trade market access for investment. OEMs with Canadian operations could import a certain quantity of vehicles duty-free if they maintain Canadian-based production and investment commitments.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>To incentivize OEMs to re-tool their plants for high-mix, low-volume assembly, Ontario and Ottawa could co-create a capital cost offset fund (carefully designed and stringently monitored) and allow full immediate expensing of investments in automation, robotics, and digital manufacturing systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Ottawa could help boost demand for Canadian-made vehicles through public sector fleet procurement and restriction of EV incentives to vehicles made in Canada.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-off-ramp-assembly-anchors-leave-industrial-policy-becomes-reactive\">4. Off-Ramp-Assembly anchors leave, industrial policy becomes reactive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-key-assumptions-2\">Key assumptions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The auto provisions of CUSMA are scrapped or severely weakened<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canada opens its market entirely to Chinese imports in exchange for enhanced market access for Canadian agri-food and energy exports to China<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>By 2040, most vehicles sold in Canada are BEVs<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Canadian industrial policy is transformed from proactive to reactive<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taking-the-off-ramp\">Taking the \u2018Off-Ramp\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Off-Ramp begins with a pattern that has governed Canada\u2019s auto industry for the past quarter century: plants continue to operate, but with diminished mandates. In this case, the mandates expire, as investment decisions tilt toward jurisdictions with lower tariff exposure and stronger policy certainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Historically, Canada did not lose assembly capacity during the contraction phase of the cycle; it lost it during the recovery, when the production footprint failed to return, having initially migrated to right-to-work states like Alabama and Tennessee and eventually to Mexico, which grew from 1.9 million units assembled in 2000 to 4.2 million by 2025. The Off Ramp is that dynamic, accelerated and made permanent through the collapse of CUSMA&#8217;s auto provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada faces an effective tariff of 12.5%, which makes export-oriented assembly economically unviable. Companies continue to assemble vehicles, losing money, but try to hold onto market share for the valuable out-of-warranty parts and servicing of vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada follows Australia in allowing its auto industry to exit.<sup><a href=\"#legal-9\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-26362a1b\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"9\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">9<\/a><\/sup> By 2040, all auto assembly plants in Canada have shuttered. Low-cost BEVs from Chinese players BYD, Geely, and Leapmotor\u2014already competitive on price and increasingly competitive on quality\u2014fill the demand gap left by departing North American OEMs. By 2040, most vehicles sold in Canada are Chinese-built BEVs. For the Canadian consumer, vehicle prices fall and emissions decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"549\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Canada's auto sector lost productive capacity during expansion phases\" class=\"wp-image-27455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?resize=300,161 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?resize=768,411 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?resize=1024,549 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?resize=1536,823 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Expansion-phases.png?resize=2048,1097 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For the Canadian auto ecosystem, the consequences are structural and severe. Plants anchor a supplier network that generates more economic activity than the facilities themselves. Tier 1 suppliers maintain their global competitiveness and continue exporting to U.S. and international customers. But the loss of domestic assembly volume erodes the density that makes Canadian Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers viable. Tool-and-die shops\u2014of which Canada has few global peers\u2014lose their customer base. Specialized component manufacturers close or consolidate. Some follow production south; others simply shutter operations. The fastest-growing segments of the auto industry\u2014software, batteries and electronic control systems\u2014were never deeply rooted and fade away without assembly to anchor them. The corridor&#8217;s density advantage, built over a century of branch-plant production, dissipates within a decade of losing its anchor customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"693\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Auto sector job losses and wage stagnation persist in Canada\" class=\"wp-image-27457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png 4000w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?resize=768,520 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?resize=1024,693 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?resize=1536,1039 1536w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Charts-Job-losses.png?resize=2048,1385 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The knock-on effects run deep. Steel mills in Hamilton and Sault Ste. Marie that have long supplied automotive-grade sheet metal lose one of their primary customers, as do chemical and plastics producers in Sarnia. The advanced manufacturing ecosystem spanning auto, aerospace, and defence loses the cross-pollination of skills, tooling capability, and engineering talent that assembly concentration made possible. Windsor, Oshawa, and Ingersoll face sustained economic decline: unemployment spikes, real estate prices fall, and tax bases erode, generating long-term pressure on social programs and government transfers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada&#8217;s industrial policy pivots from active support to triage. Two separate tracks are pursued:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Incentives to retool auto parts makers for defence manufacturing.<\/strong> Parts suppliers with the capital and capability to succeed in defence manufacturing are supported through retooling funds, accelerated depreciation, and public subsidy of workforce retraining.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Transition the remaining workforce.<\/strong> Fiscal supports for OEMs are repurposed to facilitate displaced workers through retirement bridging, retraining programs, relocation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Off Ramp makes clear what other scenarios obscure: auto manufacturing is not just an industry. It is an ecosystem anchored by assembly. Remove the anchor and lose the density required for industrial dynamism across advanced manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategic-tensions-2\">Strategic tensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The loss of auto ecosystem density accelerates broader industrial decline, weakening adjacent industries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>By ending production subsidies, Canada preserves fiscal resources in the short run but loses industrial capacity and capability in the long run. Ironically, this threatens long-term fiscal capacity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>The end of domestic auto assembly removes the rationale for protectionism. Canada opens its market entirely to Chinese EVs, which create more affordable options for consumers and reduces Canada\u2019s transportation emissions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Policy focuses on managing industrial transition, redeploying capital and labour toward adjacent sectors such as aerospace, robotics, defence, and advanced manufacturing, and preparing the workforce for a painful transition.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-needs-to-happen-2\">What needs to happen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-blue-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>Ottawa could co-create an industrial strategy with key provinces to support the transition of parts makers to defence equipment manufacturing, including financing supports, supply chain integration, workforce retraining, and re-tooling of facilities. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>To support affected workers and communities, Ottawa could strengthen employment insurance (across eligibility, benefit level, and duration) and, with Ontario, co-fund a targeted program to support auto workforce retraining, retirement bridging, and relocation.&nbsp; <\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p>In anticipation of Chinese entry into the Canadian market, Ottawa could enact a connected vehicle security and data governance framework that covers software, hardware, and data localization.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-rbc-bright-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4cf968ed519fcf3822e6f9d055449681\" id=\"h-key-considerations\">Key considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada\u2019s auto sector of the future will most likely be some combination of what\u2019s outlined above. What\u2019s critical is that public policy remains flexible and adaptive to any possible future. Cutting across all the scenarios are five strategic considerations that Canada must confront:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-roman-lower-list\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Defend the North American manufacturing corridor. <\/strong>Canada\u2019s industry was built on preferential access to the U.S. market. Roughly 90%-95% of auto exports flow south. This concentration creates both strength and vulnerability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Compete for value inside the vehicle. <\/strong>Vehicles are becoming technology platforms, with a growing share of value embedded in software, electronics, batteries, and systems integration. Historically, Canadian policy focused only on assembly volumes and employment. This policy focus needs to expand as automation advances and more value migrates toward engineering, software, electronics, and digital services.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Use market access as leverage. <\/strong>By global standards, Canada\u2019s domestic auto market is large and lucrative. Production capacity is presently geared towards export economics. Market access can function as a policy tool to secure investment commitments across a range of functions and assets, including manufacturing, R&amp;D, testing, and regulatory certification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Deploy public capital strategically. <\/strong>Governments in North America, Europe, and Asia have committed tens of billions to auto manufacturing, battery supply chains, and advanced automotive technologies. Canada faces a difficult balance. Large-scale subsidies can attract investment, but they also expose public finances to significant risk. The Parliamentary Budget Office estimates that between 2020 and 2024, the $46 billion in pledged investment across the EV supply chain was matched with nearly $53 billion in government support. Taxpayers need to see value for money.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item\">\n<p><strong>Preserve the industrial ecosystem: <\/strong>Assembly plants anchor a network of suppliers, engineers, tool-and-die firms, logistics providers, and service businesses, but they also create demand for other heavy industries such as steel, aluminum, chemicals and plastics. If the assembly anchors weaken or close, the wider ecosystem that supports advanced manufacturing could lose the density required for dynamism and efficiency.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-border-color has-grey-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-width:1px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-grey-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"572\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Download-PDF-RBC-TL.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Download-PDF-RBC-TL.jpg 572w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Download-PDF-RBC-TL.jpg?resize=300,190 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading mar-l mar-b-hlf mob-mar-b-hlf mar-t mob-mar-t\" id=\"h-download-the-report\">Download the Report<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons  mar-l is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-button btn before is-style-tertiary tertiary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Steering-Through-Uncertainty-Four-future-paths-for-Canadas-auto-industry-Download-the-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-09519300\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"button click\" data-dig-label=\"Download-https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/Steering-Through-Uncertainty-Four-future-paths-for-Canadas-auto-industry-Download-the-Report.pdf \">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel mar-t mob-mar-t mar-b mob-mar-b has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-background-color has-background\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1cb2ead4d1a250173a73a93295413f2f\"><strong>Contributors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ab4c7460897e3bae80607762f46739d6\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40d94f733529e0e2470feff90abf93c1\"><strong>Jordan Brennan<\/strong>, Managing Director<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background is-style-wide wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12213ffb1b0042716d3c6e7b61b6f588\"><strong>John Intini<\/strong>, Senior Director, Editorial<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-db5bb283ee805ff01ee40c3184feca3e\"><strong>Yadullah Hussain<\/strong>, Managing Editor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fce3faa21387e2a7d511785a92423811\"><strong>Lavanya Kaleeswaran<\/strong>, Director, Digital Marketing and Production<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bd0a1c6cd6629ee681c01dfdcbab7694\"><strong>Caprice Biasoni<\/strong>, Design Lead<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-default-collapsible pad-l-hlf mob-pad-l-hlf\"><p><button class=\"collapse-toggle collapsed\" data-target=\"#collapsec96a2ed1\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapsec96a2ed1\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-c96a2ed1\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"accordion closed\" action-closed=\"accordion closed\" action-opened=\"accordion open\" data-dig-label=\"Acknowledgments\"><span>Acknowledgments<\/span><span>Hide Acknowledgments<\/span><\/button><\/p><div class=\"collapse-content collapse\" id=\"collapsec96a2ed1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-collapsible-inner-block collapse-inner\">\n<p>The author would like to thank the experts who were consulted on this report, some of whom are listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tim Hollander,<\/strong> Toyota Canada<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brian Kingston<\/strong>, Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scott MacKenzie<\/strong>, Toyota Canada<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Paterson<\/strong>, Government of Ontario<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Brendan Sweeney<\/strong>, Pacific Manufacturing Association of Canada<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Don Walker <\/strong>(Retired), Magna<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-default-collapsible pad-l-hlf mob-pad-l-hlf\"><p><button class=\"collapse-toggle collapsed\" data-target=\"#collapse86ad4069\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse86ad4069\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-86ad4069\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"accordion closed\" action-closed=\"accordion closed\" action-opened=\"accordion open\" data-dig-label=\"References\"><span>References<\/span><span>Hide References<\/span><\/button><\/p><div class=\"collapse-content collapse\" id=\"collapse86ad4069\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-collapsible-inner-block collapse-inner\">\n<p>Advanced Manufacturing Council. 2024. <em>2024 Advanced Manufacturing Council: Final Report. <\/em>Toronto: Government of Ontario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cain, T. 2026. \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/driving.ca\/column\/driving-by-numbers\/canadian-made-vehicles-2025-ontario-assembly-plant\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-5ecd9cde\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"How many vehicles\u2014and which\u2014were made in Canada in 2025?\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">How many vehicles\u2014and which\u2014were made in Canada in 2025?<\/a>\u2019, <em>Driving<\/em>, March 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Car Guide. 2026. \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.guideautoweb.com\/en\/articles\/80882\/top-10-best-selling-vehicles-in-canada-in-2025\/\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-8884960c\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"The 10 Best Selling Vehicles in Canada in 2025\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">The 10 Best Selling Vehicles in Canada in 2025<\/a>\u2019, January 17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dykes, J.G., D. Anastakis. 2021. \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/automotive-industry\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-2060f40f\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"Automotive Industry\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">Automotive Industry<\/a>\u2019, <em>Canadian Encyclopedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giswold, Jill. 2024. <em>Tallying Government Support for EV Investment in Canada. <\/em>Ottawa: Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Helper, S. and T. Tucker. 2026. \u2018Challenges and opportunities for North American auto industry in the 2026 USMCA renegotiation\u2019, March 4. Washington: Brookings.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>International Energy Outlook. 2025. <em>Global EV Outlook 2025: Expanding sales in diverse markets.<\/em> Paris: IEA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistics Canada. 2025a. \u2018Number of Canadian commuters increases for fourth straight year in 2025\u2019, <em>The Daily, <\/em>August 26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McKinsey &amp; Company. 2026. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/features\/mckinsey-center-for-future-mobility\/our-insights\/mapping-the-automotive-software-and-electronics-landscape\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-e683d556\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"The automotive software and electronics market through 2035\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">The automotive software and electronics market through 2035<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistics Canada. 2025b. \u2018Vehicle registrations, 2024\u2019, <em>The Daily, <\/em>October 17 26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistics Canada. 2026. \u2018New motor vehicle registrations, fourth quarter 2025\u2019, <em>The Daily, <\/em>March 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tanguary, Ray. 2018. <em>Drive to Win: Automotive Advisor Report<\/em>. Toronto: Government of Ontario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Williams, G. 2026. <em>Why are Chinese EV\u2019s so Cheap?<\/em>&nbsp; New York: Rhodium Group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-legal-collapsible disclaimer\" aria-label=\"Legal Disclaimers\"><div class=\"section-inner\"><p><button class=\"collapse-toggle collapsed\" data-target=\"#collapseDisclaimer\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseDisclaimer\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-c2b50cda\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"legal close\" data-dig-label=\"legal close\" action-closed=\"legal close\" action-opened=\"legal open\" label-close=\"legal open\" label-open=\"legal close\"><span>Endnotes<\/span><span>Hide Endnotes<\/span><\/button><\/p><div class=\"collapse-content collapse\" id=\"collapseDisclaimer\"><div class=\"collapse-inner\"><div class=\"table-wpr\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-1\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>1<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>There are multiple different sources for global auto data, not all of which agree with each other. This analysis draws on RBC\u2019s research and modelling, the source data of which includes IHS, Motor Intelligence, VDIK, CCFA, SMMT, ANFAC, UNRAE, and ACEA. A parallel data source is the International Energy Agency\u2019s \u2018Global EV Outlook\u2019 via Our World in Data: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/electric-car-sales.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-2\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>2<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>Statistics Canada Table: 27-10-0333-01.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-3\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>3<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>For an interesting analysis of the reforms needed to North America\u2019s auto trade rules, see Helper and Tucker (2026).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-4\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>4<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>These capabilities are noted in the Tanguay Report (2018), pp. 6-7.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-5\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>5<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>Walter Redpath is credited with inventing Canada\u2019s first car\u2014the Redpath Messenger in 1903. However, large-scale production did not begin until the Detroit automakers entered. Ford Motor Company of Canada launched in Windsor (Walkerville) in 1904, followed by General Motors of Canada in 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-6\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>6<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>While it was European engineers and inventors in the mid-nineteenth century who created the automobile\u2014Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler, and Wilhelm Maybach\u2014it was American entrepreneurs and inventors in the early twentieth century who transformed it from a luxury product into a massed-produced good. Detroit served as the hub of that transformation. At turn of the twentieth century, Ransom Olds, Walter Chrysler, and Henry Ford employed modern methods of production to birth a new industry. Windsor served as a beachhead for the Canadian industry largely because of geographic proximity.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-7\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>7<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>For a historical overview of Canada\u2019s auto industry, see \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/automotive-industry\" data-dig-id=\"LP-27351-273bc02b\" data-dig-category=\"LP\" data-dig-action=\"link click\" data-dig-label=\"Automotive Industry\" class=\"rbc-link-format\">Automotive Industry<\/a>\u2019 in the Canadian Encyclopedia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-8\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>8<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>See Giswold (2024).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-rbc-disclaimer-block\"><div class=\"table-row\" id=\"legal-9\"><div class=\"table-cell\"><span class=\"offscreen\">Legal Disclaimer<\/span><sup>9<\/sup><\/div><div class=\"table-cell\">\n<p>The current Australian government pledged $23 billion for its Future Made in Australia plan, which sought to build advanced manufacturing capability in high-tech, high-skill areas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":27384,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"disable_focal_point":true,"featured_image_focal_point":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5},"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"rbc_tl_category":[196],"rbc_tl_tag":[],"class_list":["post-27351","rbc_tl","type-rbc_tl","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","rbc_tl_category-the-growth-project"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-12T14:10:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Branded-1200x627-1.jpg?quality=80\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1306\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"26 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/\",\"name\":\"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-12T00:58:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-12T14:10:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80\",\"width\":7250,\"height\":3500,\"caption\":\"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC Thought Leadership\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"RBC\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC","description":"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry","og_description":"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","og_site_name":"RBC","article_modified_time":"2026-05-12T14:10:39+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2500,"height":1306,"url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Branded-1200x627-1.jpg?quality=80","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"26 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","name":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80","datePublished":"2026-05-12T00:58:17+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-12T14:10:39+00:00","description":"And the five strategic considerations that Canada must confront in the years ahead","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80","width":7250,"height":3500,"caption":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry - RBC Thought Leadership"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/","name":"RBC","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","canonical_url":"https:\/\/rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","smart_links":{"inbound":0,"outbound":0},"traffic_boost_suggestions_count":0,"meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\u2019s auto industry","url":"http:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-growth-project\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80&w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80"},"articleSection":"Uncategorized","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"lavanyakaleeswaran"}],"creator":["lavanyakaleeswaran"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"RBC","logo":""},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2026-05-12T00:58:17Z","datePublished":"2026-05-12T00:58:17Z","dateModified":"2026-05-12T14:10:39Z"},"rendered":"<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"wp-parsely-metadata\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"Steering Through Uncertainty: Four future paths for Canada\\u2019s auto industry\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/thought-leadership\\\/the-growth-project\\\/steering-through-uncertainty-four-future-paths-for-canadas-auto-industry\\\/\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80&w=150&h=150&crop=1\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80\"},\"articleSection\":\"Uncategorized\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"lavanyakaleeswaran\"}],\"creator\":[\"lavanyakaleeswaran\"],\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"RBC\",\"logo\":\"\"},\"keywords\":[],\"dateCreated\":\"2026-05-12T00:58:17Z\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-12T00:58:17Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-12T14:10:39Z\"}<\/script>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/rbc.com\/p.js"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/05\/Auto-Report-Banner_Banner-wide.jpg?quality=80&w=1024","coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/author\/lavanyakaleeswaran\/","display_name":"lavanyakaleeswaran"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 14 hours ago","modified":"Updated 42 minutes ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on May 12, 2026","modified":"Updated on May 12, 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on May 12, 2026 12:58 am","modified":"Updated on May 12, 2026 2:10 pm"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":{"rbc_tl_category":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/leadership-avise\/the-growth-project\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">The Growth Project<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">The Growth Project<\/span>"],"slug":"rbc_tl_category","name":"Categories"},"rbc_tl_tag":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"rbc_tl_tag","name":"Tags"}},"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl\/27351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rbc_tl"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89"}],"version-history":[{"count":176,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl\/27351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27586,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl\/27351\/revisions\/27586"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"rbc_tl_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl_category?post=27351"},{"taxonomy":"rbc_tl_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_tl_tag?post=27351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}