{"id":11165,"date":"2025-05-01T04:39:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T04:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/?post_type=rbc_tl&#038;p=11165\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T18:07:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T18:07:41","slug":"top-of-the-agenda-how-the-new-government-can-address-canadas-biggest-challenges","status":"publish","type":"rbc_tl","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/the-trade-hub\/top-of-the-agenda-how-the-new-government-can-address-canadas-biggest-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Top of the Agenda:\u00a0How the new government can address Canada&#8217;s biggest challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-block  pos-rel\" style=\"border-radius:0px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-rbc-section-inner-block  section-inner pad-b-hlf mob-pad-b-hlf\" style=\"border-radius:0x\">\n<p>The first 100 days for any new government are filled with a flurry of activity. For Mark Carney\u2019s Liberal minority government that will include tabling a budget, trade talks with the Trump administration and hosting the G7 in June. Zoom out, and the key priorities come into focus. Here are five that RBC Thought Leadership has been keeping a close eye on and ones we believe will have Parliament\u2019s full attention in the coming months\u2014and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-securing-an-economic-and-security-pact-with-the-u-s\">Securing an economic and security pact with the U.S.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During upcoming negotiations with the U.S., expect Canada to minimize concessions until duty-free trade is secured and the current trade agreement is honoured. The U.S., meanwhile, will seek to have a wide-ranging discussion that includes border and security concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At a minimum, the agreement could include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Energy and economic security:&nbsp;<\/strong>Negotiators will want to address longstanding irritants, including the digital services tax, attempting a resolution to the softwood-lumber dispute, and strengthening rules of origin. Expect movement and strategies on gas, nuclear and critical minerals, which dovetails nicely with the upcoming G7 meeting.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Defense and Arctic security:<\/strong>&nbsp;This includes everything from the plan to meet 2% defence spending targets, to NORAD modernization, dual-use accounting, social and economic infrastructure investments in the North, including an Arctic port, and expanding shipbuilding\/icebreaker commitments.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Border security:<\/strong>&nbsp;Although Canada has made investments in border security, further collaboration, especially on money laundering, immigration and drug\/arms trafficking, will likely come up during negotiations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This won\u2019t be the first attempt at a comprehensive continental economic and security agreement. In the mid-2000s, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/news\/archive\/2006\/03\/security-prosperity-partnership-north-america-next-steps.html\">Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America<\/a>&nbsp;included the private sector in an effort to enhance continental competitiveness. While it didn\u2019t come to fruition, many ideas\u2014cooperation on infectious diseases, emergency management, and border security\u2014have persisted. This attempt has a better chance of succeeding if it is targeted and time bound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"address-the-housing-affordability-crisis\">Address the housing affordability crisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thoughtleadership.rbc.com\/the-great-rebuild-seven-ways-to-fix-canadas-housing-shortage\/\">The Great Rebuild<\/a>, we outlined seven ways to address Canada\u2019s housing shortage and affordability. When comparing the recommendations in our April 2024 report to the Liberal election platform, a number of key items line up:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Focus on prefab:<\/strong>&nbsp;Factory-built dwellings can be more time and cost-efficient. And the government has promised $25 billion in financing to prefab home builders\u2014as well as a focus on sustainable building materials.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Cut red tape:<\/strong>&nbsp;Project approval timelines in Canada, as we noted, \u201ccan be among the lengthiest in the world.\u201d Simplifying national building codes, streamlining regulations and leveraging standardized designs are all part of the Liberal platform.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Build affordable options:<\/strong>&nbsp;Government has pledged $10 billion worth of low-cost financing for lower- to middle-income Canadians.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>None of this gets done, however, without shovels in the ground. We estimate that more than 500,000 additional construction workers are needed to build the homes required between now and 2030. The Liberal\u2019s plan to incentivize companies to hire recent grads and offer apprentice programs is a start. But finding half-a-million construction workers requires more. Options include prioritizing construction skills of new immigrants, growing the enrollment of trade schools, and enticing older construction workers from retiring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The affordability crisis has made it an imperative that Canada acts promptly and with more streamlined coordination across all levels of government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"build-energy-corridors\">Build Energy Corridors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Building out major energy infrastructure enhances economic resilience through the diversification of key commodity exports. In 2024, Canada\u2019s major resource exports (minerals, metals and fuel) were among Canada\u2019s largest, generating $175 billion in aggregate net exports\u2013almost offsetting Canada\u2019s global trade deficits across all other goods categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Success in taking projects from blueprint to buildout depends on policies directed at mobilizing private capital and reducing red tape. To date, existing key Liberal policies around Bill C-69, Bill C-48, the Oil and Gas Emissions Cap have not been conducive to large-scale investment. An \u2018amended\u2019 approach with a greater focus on pragmatism could establish a climate more conducive to attracting capital. Key focal points for Ottawa include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Industrial carbon pricing<\/strong>: \u2018Axe the tax\u2019 likely shifts the burden of carbon pricing onto large industrial producers. A rising industrial carbon price likely remains, presenting competitiveness challenges relative to U.S. leadership focused on deregulation. A 50% carbon capture investment tax credit derisks capital costs, but projects need revenue certainty. To date, The Pathways Alliance, a consortium of Canada\u2019s largest oil sands producers, has been unsuccessful in negotiating carbon credit guarantees from Ottawa. Of course, this comes at a time of competing fiscal priorities. Ottawa is already on the hook for 50% of CCUS capital costs (conservatively estimated between $60-75 billion). Contract for differences for Pathways would likely require tens of billions in additional funding (10-12 million tonnes at $125-150\/t for 10 years).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Regulation\/Permitting:<\/strong>&nbsp;Regulatory delays has led to drawn out timelines, leading to cost overruns and\/or cancellation of key projects, as capital is ultimately redistributed to shareholders rather than towards growth-enabling infrastructure. Policies such as \u2018One Project, One Review\u2019 and declaring more energy projects as in the \u2018National Interest\u2019 are helpful. This is likely most beneficial to natural gas pipelines and LNG infrastructure, given the greater political alignment on the LNG file (B.C. and Ottawa).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Provincial trade barriers:&nbsp;<\/strong>East-west trade through greater use of interties yield a more resilient, flexible and efficient grid system\u2014increasingly important given rising load growth over the next 25 years (up to 3x) and the need for cheap power for industry\/manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"safeguard-federal-finances\">Safeguard federal finances<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thoughtleadership.rbc.com\/canadas-path-ahead\/\">RBC Economics<\/a>&nbsp;wrote recently, a lot will be demanded of fiscal policy. A slowing economy and the risk of a greater trade-linked recession imply fiscal supports of varying degrees. And structural challenges loom\u2013weak productivity, strained affordability, an aging population, export concentration, and shifting geopolitics could trigger more federal spending. Monetary policy has its limits\u2014and won\u2019t be able to address the areas of greatest need. As a result, Ottawa will need to keep the following in mind to keep the federal debt burden sustainable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>It\u2019s not unlimited, but Canada has some fiscal space.<\/strong>&nbsp;Canada\u2019s gross debt burden (debt-to-GDP-ratio) is high, but its net debt burden is the lowest in the G7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"720\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png?quality=80&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png?resize=300,211 300w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png?resize=768,540 768w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png?resize=1024,720 1024w, https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/05\/TL-Graphs1-03-2048x1440-1.png?resize=1536,1080 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Supporting the economy through a potential recession is expected by markets, and unlikely to raise red flags if sized and targeted appropriately.<\/strong>&nbsp;COVID-style supports that \u2018bridge\u2019 the economy is not the correct playbook in a trade shock where the economy, structurally, could look quite different in the aftermath.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Growth-positive investment is key to keeping federal debt levels sustainable<\/strong>. The more that each dollar of public spending delivers greater growth dividends, the more the federal debt burden will remain in check, even with higher spending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Rebalance social and business investment measures.<\/strong>&nbsp;Canadians have benefited in recent years from an expansion in federal government spending on often broad-based social programs without absorbing the costs. Now, the feds have a new laundry list of to-dos, including kick-starting business investment. Non-spending measures like removing red tape help, but fiscal space will be needed for spending, as well.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Make social and other \u2018must-do\u2019 spending more growth positive.<\/strong>&nbsp;Major investment needs across the economy beg the question of sufficient capital and labour resources to achieve timely results without crowding out. Public spending in essential areas like housing, defence, and healthcare can promote efficiencies, innovation, and other growth drivers to ensure the economy can grow in multiple areas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transform-ai-into-a-productivity-engine\">Transform AI into a productivity engine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada is rich in AI talent but short on the three things that can translate that talent into prosperity: modern computing infrastructure, large-scale deployment, and robust domestic demand. Only&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=26+per+cent+of+Canadian+firms+report+having+implemented+AI&amp;rlz=1C5CHFA_enCA1086CA1086&amp;oq=26+per+cent+of+Canadian+firms+report+having+implemented+AI&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABjvBTIHCAIQABjvBTIHCAMQABjvBdIBBzQwOGowajGoAgCwAgA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8#:~:text=A%20%22Made%20in,canada%2Dai%2Dfuture\">26% of Canadian firms<\/a>&nbsp;report having implemented AI\u2014eight points below the global average\u2014and the country continues to slip in AI-readiness indexes.\u200b With labour-force growth flattening and labour costs rising, closing the AI adoption gap is Canada\u2019s most direct route to higher productivity, greater economic efficiency, and continued competitiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ottawa could pursue a three-pronged approach\u2014acting simultaneously as facilitator, champion, and early adopter\u2014to transform AI from a fragmented set of R&amp;D bets into a nationwide productivity engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-rbc-list is-style-black-disc\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Facilitator:<\/strong>&nbsp;Treat compute capacity as critical infrastructure, marshalling patient capital, procurement guarantees, and partnerships with global players to facilitate access to GPU clusters.\u200b\u200b Further, government might consider targeted tax credits and grants favouring projects that embed Canadian IP and high-value jobs at home.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Champion:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ministers could become visible ambassadors for domestic AI successes, weaving them into every productivity, healthcare and defence announcement.\u200b\u200b Demand-side tools\u2014procurement quotas that reserve, say, 25\u201330% of relevant contracts for qualified AI firms, first-reference-customer letters, accelerated tax refunds for AI pilots\u2014have the potential to generate the domestic demand needed to keep promising startups from fleeing south.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-rbc-list-item mar-l mob-mar-l\">\n<p><strong>Early Adopter:&nbsp;<\/strong>In the immediate term, the government could equip frontline analysts, auditors and service agents with secure co-pilots to yield productivity gains and build AI fluency. Longer term, the government could work to re-engineer programs around models that learn across departmental silos, enabled by a U.S. Department of Defense-style fast-lane tech funding agreement, a shared sovereign large language model stack, and performance incentives for senior bureaucrats who are able to effectuate AI solutions.\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-rbc-bright-blue-tint-1-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column mar-t-hlf mob-mar-t-hlf mar-b-hlf mob-mar-b-hlf mar-l mob-mar-l is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-text-major-reg-font-size\" id=\"contributors\">Contributors:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mob-mar-b-0 mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color\"><strong>Cynthia Leach,<\/strong>&nbsp;Assistant Chief Economist, RBC<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color\"><strong>Varun Srivatsan,<\/strong>&nbsp;Director, Policy and Strategic Engagement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mar-b-0 mob-mar-b-0 has-white-color has-text-color\"><strong>Shaz Merwat,<\/strong>&nbsp;Energy Policy Lead, RBC Climate Action Institute<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\"><strong>Reid McKay,<\/strong>&nbsp;Director, Technology Policy Lead<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The five priorities that will have Parliament&#8217;s full attention in the coming months &#8211; and beyond.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":11166,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"disable_focal_point":true,"featured_image_focal_point":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5},"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"rbc_tl_category":[198],"rbc_tl_tag":[],"class_list":["post-11165","rbc_tl","type-rbc_tl","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","rbc_tl_category-the-trade-hub"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Top of the Agenda:\u00a0How the new government can address Canada&#039;s biggest challenges - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The five priorities that will have Parliament&#039;s full attention in the coming months - and beyond.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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