{"id":4157,"date":"1996-03-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1996-03-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-77-no-2-spring-1996-canada-in-the-world\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:04:43","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:04:43","slug":"vol-77-no-2-spring-1996-canada-in-the-world","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-77-no-2-spring-1996-canada-in-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 77 No. 2 &#8211; Spring 1996 &#8211; Canada in the World"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Though it has less than 1 per cent of the                     world&#8217;s population, Canada has carved out a wonderful place                     for itself in many fields of activity. Here, a look at our                     international eminence and the achievements that contributed                     to it &#8211; and at how admirable Canada appears in the eyes of                     people elsewhere&#8230;<\/p>\n<p> In the depths of the valleys which the Canadian economy                     has been doomed to visit from time to time, satirists used                     to ridicule Sir Wilfrid Laurier&#8217;s prediction that the 20th                     century would belong to Canada. Now, it seems, our great seventh                     prime minister may have been right after all.<\/p>\n<p>Who says so? No less an authority than the United Nations.                     According to the UN, Canada has become the world leader in                     providing its people with the things that really matter in                     life.<\/p>\n<p>In August, 1995, it was announced that Canada had for the                     third time topped the UN Human Development Index. Out of 186                     member nations ranked on how they stand in social advancement,                     Canada came first, immediately ahead of Switzerland and Japan.                     The HDI is a basket of statistics which determines the extent                     to which people in a country have a high standard of living,                     are educated and knowledgeable, and lead lives that are long                     and healthy. The UN&#8217;s unbiased counting of our blessings showed                     that Canadians in general enjoy the best quality of life in                     all of humanity.<\/p>\n<p>Another objective study by the World Bank last year concluded                     that, while per capita income in Canada ranks 16th in the                     world, it actually has the world&#8217;s second-richest society                     after Australia. The bank added up investments in human and                     physical assets in 192 countries to arrive at its comprehensive                     comparisons of national wealth.<\/p>\n<p>Though the good life is more than a matter of money, money                     is nice to have, and the majority of Canadians have plenty                     of it by international standards. The average personal annual                     income in this country is at least four times higher than                     the comparable figure worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>In spite of all the economic slumps that have caused so                     much human distress, Canada has proved a society of rising                     expectations that has fulfilled its promise to millions. Since                     1920, the average Canadian&#8217;s income in real constant dollars                     has doubled, redoubled, and more than redoubled again.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, Canadians today possess material goods beyond                     the imagining of ordinary people in developing countries.                     They have one of the world&#8217;s highest rates of ownership of                     houses &#8211; usually good, big, well-furnished houses. The same                     applies to motor vehicles, recreational equipment, and home                     appliances. This is a country in which 98 per cent of households                     have colour television sets, 79 per cent have microwave ovens,                     23 per cent have computers, and 52 per cent have gas barbecues.<\/p>\n<p>Those barbecue owners can buy good Canadian beef any time                     they please without being overly worried about the price of                     it. Compared to people even in the developed countries of                     Europe, most Canadians can afford to eat very well &#8211; and clothe                     themselves well, too.<\/p>\n<p>Generally good living conditions help to account for the                     fact that Canadians are uncommonly healthy. According to the                     World Bank, only the Japanese live longer on average, while                     Canada has the world&#8217;s second lowest infant mortality rate.                     (Four other countries share the first.)<\/p>\n<p>UN statistics show that Canada&#8217;s wealth is more evenly distributed                     than in all but five other countries. Although no amount of                     effort has ever been able to eliminate poverty, the near-million                     Canadian families that now live below the poverty line are                     greatly outnumbered by families with annual incomes of $70,000                     Cdn. or more. In a country where 42 per cent of married women                     work outside the home, the average family in Canada has an                     income of over $52,000 Cdn. a year.<\/p>\n<p>Canada is near the top of the list of nations in the percentage                     of national income spent on socially-desirable endeavours                     such as health care and education. In fact, more money is                     spent on learning in this country than anywhere but Finland                     and Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p>It says something about social mobility in Canada that it                     has the highest percentage of post-secondary graduates of                     all industrial countries. According to the Organization for                     Economic Cooperation and Development, 41 per cent of Canadians                     between the ages of 25 and 64 have college diplomas or university                     degrees.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"quote\">Conquering the challenges of climate,                   terrain and distance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In their preoccupation with the present debt crisis and                     other problems which have brought high unemployment and painful                     spending cuts, Canadians rarely give a thought to what an                     extraordinary job has been done in building their economy                     over the long term. Having begun its life as a nation 129                     years ago with little industry or capital of its own, Canada                     has grown into the world&#8217;s seventh largest economy.<\/p>\n<p>It shares membership in the Group of Seven strongest economic                     powers with the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the                     United Kingdom, and Italy. With close to 30 million inhabitants,                     Canada is the world&#8217;s 29th most populous country, a little                     smaller than Colombia and a little larger than Morocco. Yet                     it is in an elite economic league with the historical giants                     of Europe that have twice its population, at least.<\/p>\n<p>Much of its economic eminence is owed to geography. It borders                     on the richest market in the world in the United States, which                     buys 80 per cent of its exports under a free trade pact. A                     spill-over of American know-how in management and technology                     has helped to give it an industrial economy as modern as any.                     It is among the world&#8217;s most active trading nations, with                     a solid exchangeable currency. Canadians are thus able to                     travel internationally in enormous numbers. As consumers,                     they have access to a vast choice of imported products from                     virtually everywhere on earth.<\/p>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s size as the planet&#8217;s largest land mass after Russia                     was once considered a handicap by men overawed by its unimaginable                     reaches and daunting winter weather. But that very vastness                     was turned to advantage by Canadians as they steadily learned                     to overcome the harsh challenges of climate and terrain.<\/p>\n<p>Although only about 5 per cent of Canada&#8217;s land is considered                     arable, such is its huge totality that agriculture has proved                     a great boon to its international bank balance. On the boundless                     prairies, which contain some 80 per cent of Canada&#8217;s agricultural                     land, farmers have used Canadian-developed methods to place                     themselves among the world&#8217;s largest exporters of grain and                     oil seeds. Under the western soil is a treasury of oil, gas,                     sulphur and potash. The valleys of the far western mountains                     yield huge tonnages of coal for export to Asia. The rugged                     expanses of the Canadian Shield hold a bonanza of minerals,                     forest products, and economical hydro- electric power for                     Canadian industry.<\/p>\n<p>The task of coping with difficult conditions has created                     a corps of specialists in transportation, communications and                     civil engineering who now exercise their skills on consulting                     assignments the world over. Canadians are no longer hewers                     of wood and drawers of water. Canada&#8217;s exports include a high                     percentage of sophisticated products such as aircraft and                     telecommunications equipment which vie with the best manufactured                     anywhere.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, more and more of the nation&#8217;s energies                     have been flowing into high technology; it is estimated that                     between 1986 and 1993, Canadian high-tech production increased                     by 16 per cent, compared with 1.3 per cent for conventional                     businesses. Canada has become a big player in the computer                     revolution. In the past decade, its software industry has                     been growing at an estimated 25 per cent a year.<\/p>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s disproportionate stature in the global economy                     is matched by its stature in high-profile areas such as sports                     and entertainment. It is one of the few young countries to                     have invented an international sport, ice hockey. A Canadian                     working in the U. S., Dr. James Naismith, invented basketball.                     In international competition, Canadians have collected an                     astonishing 68 Olympic gold medals since 1920, plus numerous                     non-Olympic world championships.<\/p>\n<p>Entertainers and musicians from Canada have gained fame                     on stages, movie and television screens everywhere. Giving                     the lie to the popular impression that Canadians are congenitally                     dull, Canada has produced an inordinate number of internationally-known                     comedians and literary satirists. Canadian-born visual artists                     like Alfred Pellan and Jean-Paul Riopelle have taken the artistic                     circles of Paris by storm.<\/p>\n<p>Canada has been an overachieving player in the big leagues                     of many other fields. It is one of the few nations to produce                     a whisky that is appreciated around the world. It is also                     one of the few to have a police force of world renown, the                     Royal Canadian Mounted Police, popularly known as the Mounties.                     Americans might not know much about their big quiet national                     neighbour, but they do consume large quantities of Canadian                     bacon and Canadian beer.<\/p>\n<p>Canadians have gained distinction in such specialities as                     marine navigation, fitting for a nation with the longest sea                     coast on earth, bounded as it is by three oceans. In 1898,                     Nova Scotia&#8217;s Joshua Slocum became the first man to sail alone                     around the world. In 1909, Captain Joseph-Elzear Bernier of                     L&#8217;Islet, Que., discovered several Arctic Islands and claimed                     the Arctic Archipelago for Canada. In 1944 the little RCMP                     patrol ship <em>St. Roch<\/em> under Captain Henry Larsen became                     the first vessel to cross the top of the world via the North                     West Passage from east to west and west to east.<\/p>\n<h3>Giving the world a formula for non-violent liberation<\/h3>\n<p>Canadians are mostly unaware of how many things were invented                     in their country. Canada is the home of the first practical                     marine engine, the ocean-going steamship, the automatic fog                     horn, the oil well, the submarine cable, the paint roller,                     and the plug-in radio. Canadian inventions such as Abraham                     Gesner&#8217;s kerosene, Reginald Fessenden&#8217;s radio voice transmission,                     and Armand Bombardier&#8217;s snowmobile have found applications                     literally from pole to pole.<\/p>\n<p>The global system of time zones was devised by the Canadian                     engineer Sir Sanford Fleming. The best-known of many Canadian                     achievements in medical and pharmaceutical research was the                     discovery by Frederick Banting and Charles Best of insulin.                     Before this pair did their historic work in the 1920s, diabetes                     was a sure killer. Banting was awarded a Nobel Prize for his                     part in the discovery, the first of four such awards Canadians                     have won in science.<\/p>\n<p>Canadians have proved as innovative in political science                     as they have been in the laboratory. Their main contribution                     to world politics was called responsible government, the work                     of the joint leaders of the province of Canada in the 1840s,                     Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hyppolite LaFontaine, and of the                     Nova Scotian politicians J. B. Uniacke and Joseph Howe. They                     fought long and hard to establish a system whereby the British                     governors of their colonies were bound to accede to the democratic                     will of elected assemblies, while defence and foreign affairs                     remained under British authority. The formula set the pattern                     for the non-violent devolution of power to the people in colonies                     throughout the British Empire. As the Empire&#8217;s first self-governing                     dominion, Canada went on to serve as a model for the gradual                     achievement of independence among former British colonies                     everywhere.<\/p>\n<h3>Not a great power, but a power for good<\/h3>\n<p>The Canadian Confederation gave rise to Canada&#8217;s first multinational                     company, the Canadian Pacific Railway, which linked the country                     <em>a mari usque ad mare<\/em>, as its motto goes, in one of                     the greatest engineering feats in history. In later years,                     CP ships and airplanes &#8220;spanned the globe,&#8221; carrying the name                     of Canada to points as far apart as Buenos Aires and Manila.                     Today, Canadian multinational companies are common, competing                     forcefully with rivals from countries with much longer-established                     economies.<\/p>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s present place in international political affairs                     is far greater than anyone would expect from a country with                     such a relatively small population. It has carved out a special                     niche on the world scene not by being a great power, but by                     being a good power. It has gained rare international prestige                     by reversing the trend of centuries. Instead of aggrandizing                     itself by making war, it has done so by striving for peace.                     Canada is possibly the only country to have peace, along with                     order and good government, as its guiding constitutional principle.                     It is certainly the only country whose best-known landmark                     is named the Peace Tower. Fittingly enough, it is also the                     only country in the continental Americas to have achieved                     nationhood without a revolution. Despite the rebellions in                     1837-38 in Upper and Lower Canada and in 1885 in the North                     West, the most outstanding feature of domestic Canadian history                     is its tranquillity.<\/p>\n<p>Canada was a partner with Great Britain and the U. S. in                     the development of the atomic bomb during World War II, building                     one of only three reactors in existence. A distinctively Canada                     method of producing nuclear energy later evolved. But Canadian                     governments have consistently chosen to reserve their nuclear                     facilities and expertise for peaceful purposes. While scientists                     in other countries were developing atom bombs, Canadian scientists                     were developing the cobalt bomb, used to treat cancer with                     nuclear radiation.<\/p>\n<p>As Canadians who travel abroad are well aware, they belong                     to what is probably the world&#8217;s most respected nationality.                     Canadians have won their superlative reputation at the cost                     of much blood and treasure freely given in fighting for the                     right. In their harrowing efforts to liberate the victims                     of aggression in World War I, Canadians became known as the                     finest troops on the Western Front. In World War II, Canada                     was the chief ally of Great Britain during the period up to                     1942 when Britain stood alone against Hitler&#8217;s victorious                     forces. With a population of barely 14 million, Canada played                     a pivotal role in winning the war in Europe and on the Atlantic                     Ocean. Together, the two world wars took 110,000 Canadian                     lives.<\/p>\n<h3>The least imperfect nation in the whole                   imperfect world<\/h3>\n<p>Canadians have been in the front line of keeping the peace                     in the tempestuous post-World War II era. A Canadian diplomat,                     Lester B. Pearson, conceived the system of sending international                     forces to trouble-spots under the United Nations flag. Canadian                     troops of both official language groups are famed for their                     prowess in the delicate art of coming between warring parties.                     In the cause of peace, they regularly risk death, injury,                     and disease. Canada&#8217;s popularity has been reinforced by the                     financial and technical aid it gives to developing countries.                     It donates a higher proportion of its gross national product                     to international aid than many other developed countries with                     larger economies. Cargo planes bearing the maple leaf emblem                     and carrying relief supplies are a familiar sight in places                     struck by disaster. Privately-funded Canadian organizations                     also do excellent humanitarian work.<\/p>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s voice in world affairs is amplified by its position                     as a senior member of the Commonwealth and the Francophonie,                     the association of French-speaking nations; Quebec and New                     Brunswick are also members of the latter. Canada is an influential                     member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organization                     of American States, and the OECD.<\/p>\n<p>It is known for taking in refugees, a practice which runs                     deep in its history. Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution                     were followed by runaway slaves, members of persecuted Russian                     pacifist sects, and the victims of anti-Semitism in Europe.                     More recently, refugees from war and oppression in Asia, Africa                     and Latin America have arrived to take up hopeful new lives.<\/p>\n<p>The refugees have added their numbers to the hundreds of                     thousands of less desperate immigrants who come every year                     to what many of them see as the closest thing to the Promised                     Land. From colonial times, Canada has provided new homes for                     the landless and the hungry of older societies. The prairie                     provinces bloomed because of mass immigration. The great economic                     boom after World War II was partly fuelled by the energy and                     entrepreneurship of people uprooted from their European homes.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, immigrants have become the most vocally                     patriotic of Canadian citizens. Unlike born Canadians, they                     are not inclined to take for granted the good things of life,                     Canadian-style. To some, it is a pleasure simply to be in                     a place where things work: where buses run on schedule, where                     telephone calls invariably go through, where the roads usually                     are wide and smooth, the streets are clean, and hot water                     taps invariably spout hot water. It is a relief not to have                     to be on constant guard against infectious disease &#8211; or against                     violence on the streets. Newcomers are often amazed to see                     middle-class Canadians doing things that only the upper class                     would have the money to do in their native lands, like taking                     foreign winter vacations or going golfing or skiing whenever                     they fancy. People in this country who own cottages enjoy                     a privilege granted to only a fortunate handful on other continents.                     To have a pleasure boat and a pretty body of water to float                     it on would seem a luxury to ordinary people in almost any                     other country. People from crowded nations cannot get over                     the accessibility of Canada&#8217;s natural environment, in all                     its magnificence.<\/p>\n<p>As impressive as these blessings are, however, they do not                     get down to the heart of what makes Canada such an enviable                     place to live in. Its greatest advantages cannot be seen or                     tasted or felt. They lie in things like civility, in the relative                     absence of class distinctions, in a reliable justice system,                     and in high standards of public morality which prevent corruption                     from preying on the poor and powerless. They lie in equality,                     in individual liberty, in freedom of expression, in the prospect                     of living and raising families in an atmosphere in which people                     of different religious and racial origins can live together                     without strife.<\/p>\n<p>All that being said, it must also be said in a typically                     self- effacing way that Canada is no utopia. It still has                     its inequities, its injustices, its internal tensions, its                     prejudice. It faces serious economic and political problems,                     and its very future as a united nation now seems to be hanging                     in the balance. It is anything but perfect; it is merely,                     by objective criteria, the least imperfect country on earth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[62],"class_list":["post-4157","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-62"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.7 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 77 No. 2 - Spring 1996 - Canada in the World - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-77-no-2-spring-1996-canada-in-the-world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 77 No. 2 - Spring 1996 - Canada in the World - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Though it has less than 1 per cent of the world&#8217;s population, Canada has carved out a wonderful place for itself in many fields of activity. 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