{"id":4133,"date":"1960-09-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1960-09-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1960-vol-41-no-7-imagination-helps-communication\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T01:47:22","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T01:47:22","slug":"september-1960-vol-41-no-7-imagination-helps-communication","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1960-vol-41-no-7-imagination-helps-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"September 1960 &#8211; VOL. 41, No. 7 &#8211; Imagination Helps Communication"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">The basic skill in every profession and                     in most businesses is the ability to organize and express                     ideas in writing and in speaking.<\/p>\n<p> No matter how clever an engineer may be technically, or                     an executive managerially, or a research man creatively, he                     does not show his worth unless he communicates his ideas to                     others in an influential way.<\/p>\n<p>Language is the most momentous product of the human mind.                     Between the clearest animal call of love or warning or anger,                     and man&#8217;s most trivial word, there lies a whole day of creation                     &#8211; or, as we would say it today, a whole chapter of evolution.<\/p>\n<p>A business man is not called upon to present the elegance                     of a wit, a novelist or a poet. He must express himself accurately,                     clearly and briefly, but he need not denude his language of                     beauty and appeal.<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of the writer is to communicate effectively.                     He needs a feeling for writing the right thing in the right                     way at the right time: not a barebones recital of facts, unless                     in a specification or legal document, but a composition of                     words which will convey his meaning and his sentiment.<\/p>\n<p>This requires use of imagination, which is the cornerstone                     of human endeavour. John Masefield, the Poet Laureate, wrote:                     &#8220;Man&#8217;s body is faulty, his mind untrustworthy, but his imagination                     has made him remarkable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Writing imaginatively cannot be taught. It can be studied                     in examples &#8211; the writings of Dafoe, Shakespeare, La Fontaine                     and Jules Verne show what can be done, but not how to do it.                     In this, writing is on a par with art and the product of an                     artisan&#8217;s hands. The painter can no more convey the secret                     of his imaginative handling of colour than the plumber can                     teach that little extra touch he gives a wiped joint. All                     three, writer, artist, artisan, have secrets springing from                     within. After learning the principles, they go on to produce                     their works inspired by the dignity of accomplishment due                     to their gifts.<\/p>\n<p>Look at the drama built into small events by choice of words                     and use of imagination: Dafoe gave us Crusoe recoiling from                     the footprint in the sand; Homer gave us Achilles shouting                     over against the Trojans and Ulysses bending the great bow;                     and Bunyan gave us Christian running from the tempter with                     his fingers in his ears. None of these was an epic event,                     but by their mastery of putting imagination into their communication                     these writers painted scenes which stirred us in the reading                     and linger in our memories.<\/p>\n<p>A good piece of writing, whether it be a novel or a business                     letter; does three things: it communicates a thought, it conveys                     a feeling, and it gives the reader some benefit.<\/p>\n<h3>The writer&#8217;s tools<\/h3>\n<p>What are the writer&#8217;s tools? A wide range of language, for                     variety and to avoid the commonplace; active verbs, to keep                     the action moving; similes, which make words paint a thousand                     pictures; metaphor and parable, to make meanings clear, and                     rhythm, which contributes to smooth, easy reading.<\/p>\n<p>To these tools, the writer adds imagination, always being                     careful to bring it within the scope of facts. Art in writing                     must not be used as an escape from reality.<\/p>\n<p>This sort of writing is not so simple a thing as fluency,                     which soap-box orators have in abundance. It is not so                     simple a thing as grammatical exactitude, which can be hammered                     into boys and girls by a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>But when it is properly done, imaginative writing is very                     powerful. Look at Cyrano de Bergerac in the drama by Edmond                     Rostand. The hero was valiant and romantic, but very sensitive                     regarding the size of his nose. This sensitivity prevented                     his making his court to the beautiful Roxane, but he wrote                     ardent letters to her for a handsome and stupid friend. The                     power of the written word won Roxane&#8217;s love for his friend                     by proxy.<\/p>\n<p>Good writing needs to be appropriate to the occasion, the                     purpose, the reader and the writer. It must not be too pompous                     for its load, or hesitant about what it seeks to do, or beneath                     the intelligence of the reader, or too arrogant for the writer&#8217;s                     position.<\/p>\n<p>Writing is only serviceable and good with reference to the                     object for which it is written. You say: &#8220;That is a beautiful                     dress&#8221;; but let the dress slide from the model&#8217;s shoulders                     and lie in a heap on the floor, and what is it? A heap of                     material. Its virtue resides in its fittingness to its purpose.<\/p>\n<p>What is written imaginatively in the daily work of office                     and industry will get desired results. If the writer looks                     further, what is written with imagination will live on when                     this Atomic Age is ancient history. Why? Because imagination                     is the one common link between human minds in all ages.<\/p>\n<p>Imagination in writing finds expression through the use                     of accurate and illuminating equivalents for thoughts. You                     may show your imagination by dealing with something unfamiliar;                     by calling to attention a commonplace fact that is generally                     overlooked; by bringing into view familiar things in new relationship;                     or by drawing together relevant thoughts in a nosegay tied                     with your own ribbon.<\/p>\n<p>An imaginative writer can look out upon the sprawling incoherence                     of a factory or a city or a nation or a problem and give it                     intelligible statement.<\/p>\n<h3>Something about style<\/h3>\n<p>The style in which you write is the living embodiment of                     your thought, and not merely its dress.<\/p>\n<p>When you put words together you convey not only your purpose                     in writing but your character and mood, both of which are                     important to your reader&#8217;s understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Let the occasion dictate the manner of your writing. Sometimes                     a manly rough line, with a great deal of meaning in it, may                     be needed, while a different set of circumstances demands                     the lubrication of sweet words. A blinding light is not always                     the best illumination: the delicate colours in moss-covered                     rock are enhanced by overcast, misty air.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge of techniques does not give the writer this discrimination.                     Technique is always a means and not an end. If we allow rules                     to govern our writing we become tongue-tied by authority.                     As Rembrandt remarked to someone who was looking closely into                     one of his paintings, seeking the technique, &#8220;pictures are                     intended to be looked at, not smelled.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We do not find ourselves tripping over technique in the                     inspired paragraphs of great literary works. Think of the                     forcefulness, the meaning, the simplicity of expression, in                     Lincoln&#8217;s Gettysburg address, in Churchill&#8217;s &#8220;fall of France&#8221;                     radio broadcast. Then contrast the great golden phrases of                     political campaigners, rising from nothing and leading to                     nothing: words on words, dexterously arranged, bearing the                     semblance of argument, but leaving nothing memorable, no image,                     no exaltation.<\/p>\n<p>At the other end of the scale are those who write speeches                     and letters stodgily. Too many people who are nice people                     at heart become another sort when they pick up a pen or a                     dictaphone. They tighten up. They become unnatural. They curdle                     into impersonality and choose starchy sentences. Their product                     is like a page printed with very old and worn-out type.                     In the vivid prose which marked some seventeenth century writers,                     James Howell wrote: &#8220;Their letters may be said to be like                     bodies without sinews, they have neither art nor arteries                     in them.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>A letter in which something significant is attempted &#8211; a                     sale, a correction, a changing of opinion, the making of a                     friend &#8211; cannot be written in a neutral and bloodless state                     of mind.<\/p>\n<p>In letter writing, imagination must supply personal contact.                     When you call in your stenographer to write a letter you are                     entering into a personal relationship with the reader. He                     is no longer a statistic in a mass market. He and you are                     human beings talking things over.<\/p>\n<p>Most business communications have lucidity rather than emotion                     as their aim, but none except those which are frankly and                     openly mere catalogues can afford to exclude humanity. There                     should be some in-between space in your letters, some                     small-talk between the important ideas, some irrelevancies                     which temper the austerity of business.<\/p>\n<h3>The reader&#8217;s interest<\/h3>\n<p>No matter what your letter is about, the reader will want                     to know: &#8220;How does this affect me?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It is a literary vice not to seek out the reader&#8217;s interest.                     You may tell him what you want in impeccable language and                     forceful manner, but you fall short of success unless you                     pay attention to what he wants or can be made to desire. Your                     ideas must enter, influence and stick in the mind of the recipient.<\/p>\n<p>As a writer, you may protest that some of the failure in                     communication may be blamed on the receiver, but it is your                     responsibility as sender to determine in advance, to the best                     of your ability, all potential causes of failure and to tune                     your transmission for the best reception.<\/p>\n<p>Granted, something must be expected of the reader. Every                     writer is entitled to demand a certain amount of knowledge                     in those for whom he writes, and a certain degree of dexterity                     in using the implements of thought. Readers who demand immediate                     intelligibility in all they read cannot hope to go far beyond                     the limitations of comic strip language.<\/p>\n<p>However, the writer is bound to eliminate every possible                     obstacle. He must not grow away from people. He must anticipate                     their questions. Let the salesman stand at a bargain counter                     and listen to what goes on in the minds of prospective customers.                     He will see women who spend ten minutes examining socks advertised                     at 35 cents a pair &#8211; do they stretch? are they washable? will                     they stay soft? are they tough enough to wear long? Those                     women are not up on the plateau of bulk sales, but down where                     a nickel counts.<\/p>\n<p>That is the imagination of preparation. Then comes the imagination                     of expression. The most important demand of customers is for                     friendliness in those who seek to do business with them. A                     man may pride himself upon being an efficient, logical person,                     unswayed by sentiment in business matters, but at some stage                     in his every business deal there is a spark of emotional appeal                     and response.<\/p>\n<p>You need to study your audience and then write what you                     want them to understand in the form that is most likely to                     appeal to them. Any other course is like the childish custom                     of writing a letter to Santa Claus and burning it up the chimney.<\/p>\n<h3>Give imagination wings<\/h3>\n<p>If you do not wish your letters to be read yawningly, write                     them wide awake. When a good idea strikes you for a letter,                     ride that idea on the dead run: don&#8217;t wait to ponder, criticize                     and correct. You can be critical after your imaginative spell                     subsides.<\/p>\n<p>The search for the exact word should never so usurp the                     writer&#8217;s attention that the larger movements of thought on                     which the letter&#8217;s argument depends are made to falter and                     so lose their fire. The first draft of a piece of writing                     should be done at white heat. The smoothing and polishing                     may follow later.<\/p>\n<p>Some degree of novelty must be one of the materials in every                     instrument which works upon the mind.<\/p>\n<p>By &#8220;novelty&#8221; it is not meant that the letter should be artificial.                     Great art consists in writing in an interested and straightforward                     way.<\/p>\n<p>A good writer is not always original. You cannot hope to                     reproduce in your own words how Keats felt as he listened                     to the nightingale singing. It is far better to copy his ode.                     Mr. Churchill could not help it, even if he did not desire                     it, when his &#8220;blood, toil, tears and sweat&#8221; echoed Garibaldi,                     or when his first speech as Prime Minister, declaring it to                     be his policy &#8220;to make war&#8221;, echoed Clemenceau&#8217;s &#8220;Je fais                     la guerre.&#8221; Shakespeare took his plots wherever he could find                     them, from older plays, English chronicles and Plutarch&#8217;s                     <em>Lives<\/em>. His originality consisted in the skill with                     which he made a story over and covered the skeleton with the                     living flesh of his language.<\/p>\n<p>If a man has vision and sympathy &#8211; ingredients of imagination                     &#8211; and adds sincerity, he will be able to beautify the familiar                     and illumine the dingy and sordid. Montaigne one of the world&#8217;s                     great essayists, said: &#8220;I gather the flowers by the wayside,                     by the brooks and in the meadows, and only the string with                     which I bind them together is my own.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Variety in expression is as necessary to a piece of written                     matter as it is to an attractive bouquet. Monotony in a letter                     is like a paralyzing frost.<\/p>\n<p>The Greeks knew this: they set off the loveliness of roses                     and violets by planting them side by side with leeks and onions.                     Some fastidious or critical people may complain of unevenness                     in your writing because it is not sustained at a peak. But                     there is no one more tiresome than the man who is writing                     always at the top of his voice.<\/p>\n<h3>Use words honestly<\/h3>\n<p>The effort to bring up the highlights must not blind us                     to our obligation to be moderate. To be dynamic and forceful                     we don&#8217;t need to give the impression of breathlessness. Strong                     words lose their force if used often. Don&#8217;t say &#8220;the roof                     is falling in&#8221; when you mean that a crack in the ceiling needs                     patching. If you habitually term a dull party &#8220;a disaster&#8221;                     what have you left that is vivid enough to cover your feelings                     about an earthquake?<\/p>\n<p>From the moment that a writer loses his reverence for words                     as accurate expressions of his thoughts he becomes second-rate.                     Even experienced writers testify to their constant search                     for the right word.<\/p>\n<p>Follow the spirit of what you are saying in the way you                     write it. Sometimes you will use little, jolting, one-syllable                     words; in another composition your meaning and feeling may                     be conveyed better in cascading syllables like Milton&#8217;s, or                     in earthy words that fit the urgency of the occasion.<\/p>\n<p>There is no better way to learn the feeling of words than                     through reading poetry. The use of synonyms so necessary in                     poetry gives us a grasp of language and readiness in its use.                     Exercise your imagination by looking up the wide choices of                     words meaning the same thing, in varying shades of strength                     and attractiveness. A handy book to have on your desk <em>is                     A Dictionary of English Synonyms by Richard Soule <\/em>(Little,                     Brown, and Company, Boston).<\/p>\n<p>Be careful to use qualifying words only where they contribute                     something to the sense you wish to convey. An excessive use                     of qualifiers vitiates the force of what you write.<\/p>\n<p>Correct modification is an essential of perceptive accuracy,                     but every modification means a deflection in the reader&#8217;s                     flow of understanding.<\/p>\n<p>To test this, take some magazine which professes to popularize                     news events, and strike out every adjective and adverb which                     seems dispensable note how much more authoritative and less                     tinted by opinion the items appear.<\/p>\n<p>The business man should test business reports and letters                     by asking &#8220;What omission of fact or skimping of research or                     expression of prejudice does this adjective cover up?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Pictures in words<\/h3>\n<p>Our writing creates pictures in the reader&#8217;s mind. We use                     metaphors to sharpen and extend the reader&#8217;s understanding                     of our ideas by presenting him with images drawn from the                     world of sensory experience: &#8220;She has roses in her cheeks;                     he has the heart of a lion.&#8221; If we say that a brook is laughing                     in the sunlight, an idea of laughter intervenes to symbolize                     the spontaneous, vivid activity of the brook.<\/p>\n<p>In 240 words of a single soliloquy of <em>Hamlet<\/em>, Shakespeare                     gives us these imaginative phrases, now part of our everyday                     language: to be or not to be, the law&#8217;s delay, the insolence                     of office, the undiscover&#8217;d country from whose bourne no traveller                     returns, the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, &#8217;tis                     a consummation devoutly to be wish&#8217;d, there&#8217;s the rub, shuffled                     off this mortal coil, conscience doth make cowards of us all.<\/p>\n<p>Metaphors are not confined to poetic writing: they occur                     in science and business writing, too: the flow of electricity,                     the stream of consciousness, the thinking machine, getting                     at the root of the problem, falling into error, indulging                     in mental gymnastics.<\/p>\n<p>Local colour is an element in imaginative writing. Your                     highlights and your expressive phrases do not have to come                     from the classics. A good writer, even on the most prosaic                     of topics, will mix his own mind with his subject. True imagination,                     no matter how strange may be the regions into which it lifts                     its head, has its roots in human experience. What arises in                     your writing from what you have been through will be more                     vivid than what you glean from the writings and experience                     of others.<\/p>\n<h3>Background for imagination<\/h3>\n<p>If the imagination is to yield any product useful to the                     writer, it must have received material from the external world.                     Images do not spring out of a desert.<\/p>\n<p>The writer will train his mind to roam, to seek food, to                     experience events. He will read widely, observing words at                     work in a multitude of combinations.<\/p>\n<p>A library has evocative power. Merely to sit within view                     of good books draws out the goodness in one. A library has                     driving power, too: it challenges us to convey meanings and                     feelings as these writers did.<\/p>\n<p>The books in an executive&#8217;s office should not consist solely                     of directories, almanacs, <em>Canada Year Book<\/em>, and the                     like. In literature are recorded all the thoughts, feelings,                     passions, and dreams that have passed through the human mind,                     and these can play their part in the efficiency of the letter                     writer today. Even on the battlefield, Napoleon had in his                     tent more than three hundred volumes ranging through science,                     art, history, poetry, travels, romance and philosophy.<\/p>\n<p>To do all that has been suggested takes time. It requires                     preparation, practice and participation: preparation through                     reading and study, practice through revising and rewriting,                     and participation through putting something of yourself into                     every letter.<\/p>\n<p>We must get out of the vicious system whereby we spend a                     forenoon verifying the price to be quoted to a customer, while                     refusing to spend two minutes in reconstructing a clumsy sentence                     in the letter we write him. To be slovenly and feeble is not                     only discourteous to the persons we address but bad business,                     because it leaves the door open for misunderstanding.<\/p>\n<p>If you are going to describe an event or a product, do not                     be content with black marks on white paper: at least stipple                     in the background and use some colour in the foreground.<\/p>\n<p>It is necessary, too, to be in earnest. Many people dream                     away their lives, talking of the writing they mean to do,                     and in the end they fall asleep, still babbling of the green                     fields of literature.<\/p>\n<p>If you make only average grades in your letters when you                     could with a little effort top the class, you are bound to                     be disappointed with yourself. The writing of letters, business                     or personal or professional, is no mean ministry. It deserves                     the best that can be given it, and when it is rightly done                     it absorbs the mind wholly.<\/p>\n<p>Why not be one of the knowledgeable elite instead of one                     of the conforming average?<\/p>\n<p>They are probably best who, having a subject on which they                     wish to express themselves, sit down to write about it in                     a loving way. As Cyrano de Bergerac described his genius:                     &#8220;I have but to lay my soul beside my paper, and copy!&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[40],"class_list":["post-4133","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-40"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>September 1960 - VOL. 41, No. 7 - Imagination Helps Communication - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1960-vol-41-no-7-imagination-helps-communication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"September 1960 - VOL. 41, No. 7 - Imagination Helps Communication - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The basic skill in every profession and in most businesses is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. 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