{"id":4123,"date":"1950-09-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1950-09-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1950-vol-31-no-9-our-canadian-way-of-life\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T13:59:02","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T13:59:02","slug":"september-1950-vol-31-no-9-our-canadian-way-of-life","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1950-vol-31-no-9-our-canadian-way-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"September 1950 &#8211; Vol. 31, No. 9 &#8211; Our Canadian Way of Life"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">This article is an attempt to condense into                     a mere 3,000 words the essence of what goes to make up our                     Canadian Way of Life; it would take volumes and volumes to                     tell it all.<\/p>\n<p> What we can see in a quick summary is good. In a world where                     we are harried day and night by new devices and disturbances,                     Canadians live comfortably, though not so easily as to stagnate.                     Our national ambition is to live richly, rather than to be                     rich.<\/p>\n<p>If we have a fault, it is to take for granted the values                     and benefits of our Canadian way of life. This free society,                     eminent in the world because of its individual freedoms and                     its great opportunities for self-advancement and the                     sense of security it provides to ease men&#8217;s minds, was gained                     by the struggles and sacrifices of the men and women from                     whom we inherit it.<\/p>\n<p>One hundred and twelve years ago &#8211; a short span in human                     history &#8211; Governor-General Lord Durham reported to the                     British Government: &#8220;These small and unimportant communities                     (Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince                     Edward Island and Newfoundland) could be elevated into a society                     having some objects of national importance.&#8221; It is hard to                     realize today how bold and optimistic that judgment was in                     its time.<\/p>\n<p>Today, Canada is a leader in civilization. She may not dominate                     the physical world by her size, her economic strength, her                     armed might or her population figures, but in the world of                     ideas, of humanity and of graceful living she is second to                     no country on earth.<\/p>\n<p>The strength of Canada&#8217;s mind and the high level of her                     ideals are shown in unique ways. She is the only kingdom on                     a huge continent of republics, yet her people enjoy a measure                     of freedom unsurpassed &#8211; and probably not equalled &#8211; in the                     Americas. She has originated and developed autonomy within                     a world system of commonwealths, yet keeps the most intimate                     friendship with the world&#8217;s greatest independent state. Her                     internal dualism, linking two widely different cultures in                     a united nation, seems to qualify her in a special way for                     participation in the councils of the nations.<\/p>\n<h3>What Kind of People Are We?<\/h3>\n<p>What kind of people are Canadians? The outstanding fact                     is that we are all kinds of people. The French speaking Canadians                     have more American generations behind them than any other                     white stock north of the Rio Grande, save only the Spanish.                     Their energy and volatility and family spirit were necessary                     to the upbuilding of this raw land. Then came the Scotch,                     the English, the Irish and the Welsh, with their efficiency,                     thriftiness and their whole-souled respect for law, order                     and self-control. To these, in the hundred years of Canada&#8217;s                     great growth, were added thousands from other lands, east,                     west and south. Today, they are all Canadians.<\/p>\n<p>When the first settlers came to this land, the French and                     the British were already cultured peoples, with ancient roots                     in literature, fine art, music, and science. They had social                     structures of high quality, and had laid the foundations of                     noble civilizations.<\/p>\n<p>Out of these cultures was forged the common denominator                     in Canadian character. Today, some of the differences have                     been merged harmoniously; while some have survived in a way                     that prevents standardization of the nation. It is a grand                     feat in nation building when two diverse cultures march cordially                     together, co-operating and making allowances, merging                     ideas and preserving ideals, and welcoming people from many                     other nations.<\/p>\n<p>So here we are: a complex aggregation of people in a land                     of striking contrasts, facing together problems of wide diversity.                     The marvel of it is that we have woven the culture and institutions                     of all these people into an orderly and attractive pattern.<\/p>\n<p>We have learned that there are not only two sides but many                     views of every case. We know that the greatest nation is not                     a nationalistic nation but one that has many ties, of blood                     and mind and ideals, with other nations.<\/p>\n<p>Some people might say that we do not show in our daily living                     that we are conscious of our keen sense of participation in                     an epoch-making experiment in nation building, or of                     our deep awareness of the greatness of the adventure upon                     which Canada has embarked. We are, in fact, less colourful                     figures to the world than our own tourist advertisements make                     us out to be. We have, as Hugh MacLennan put it, such a talent                     for avoiding the dramatic that we often escape even the notice                     of our friends. We have a habit of appearing solemn when we                     are only serious.<\/p>\n<h3>From Struggle to Comfort<\/h3>\n<p>Well, we are conservative by necessity and habit. We have                     not had an easy country in which to work or live. The Arctic                     wilderness presses close upon our cities. Montreal, our great                     metropolis &#8211; an island of 1,442,000 people; the world&#8217;s greatest                     inland port, a thousand miles from the sea; a city with the                     world&#8217;s greatest French-speaking population, aside from                     Paris &#8211; lies only 45 miles by rail from the United States                     border. One hundred and twenty miles west is Ottawa, the capital                     city of Canada. And beyond Ottawa the hills and tundra stretch,                     scarcely touched by human hands, unbroken to the Arctic Sea.<\/p>\n<p>To survive in this narrow strip between the world&#8217;s most                     highly-developed industrial nation and the barren land,                     we have had to be a tough and adaptable people. We have little                     margin for error.<\/p>\n<p>Yet this country is in the centre of world affairs. Our                     doors open east and west, north and south, where unpredictable                     changes are taking place in great nations. We are, literally,                     at the crossroads of a newly-developing world.<\/p>\n<p>Upon this narrow strip of land we have built a nation in                     which it is good to live. It is false to idealize the past,                     because the ease and comfort of today were not born of easiness                     and lassitude. It was a tough job, to make Canada what she                     is today. To raise the standard of living on this continent                     to levels never elsewhere attained demanded work and planning                     of a high order.<\/p>\n<p>Once our people hewed farm plots out of the wilderness,                     built their own homes, made their own clothes and produced                     their own food. Children and women laboured hard in the fields                     and there was no diversion but sleep.<\/p>\n<p>This year, Toronto is building a subway to carry thousands                     of persons swiftly and comfortably between their homes and                     downtown. Machines are digging a trench along Yonge Street.                     Here is menial work, but no manual toil and no slavery; only                     proud mechanics guiding the great machines. There, but for                     invention and initiative, go a thousand slaves, poor skill-less                     men, digging wearily with tools a thousand years old.<\/p>\n<p>There are wires on our roofs, on which birds sit to sing,                     but within the wires are songs from half a world away, brought                     by the genius that developed radio. In hydro power we are                     pre-eminent among nations. Waterfalls are harnessed to                     bring us electricity, pouring into our factories power in                     a cascade that berates a hundred men with every pulsation.<\/p>\n<p>At the last count, a million homes out of 3,300,000 had                     refrigerators, 3,127,000 had radios, 623,000 had electric                     ranges, and 2 million had electric washing machines. When                     we take a total view, and see our modern Canada against its                     background, we are comforted. Some may still live backward                     lives, but millions are living better, and all have the opportunity                     to step forward.<\/p>\n<h3>The Test of Democracy<\/h3>\n<p>As part of our improved standard of living we must recognize                     the increased attention given to social services. Public health                     is the concern of all levels of government. Pensions for the                     aged and the blind have been adopted by the provinces with                     financial help from the Dominion. Unemployment insurance,                     family allowances, war pensions, help in home-building,                     and many other forms of assistance, are provided through government                     action.<\/p>\n<p>But these are merely incidental; they are not the measure                     of a democracy. The test of democracy is the extent of freedom                     its people have from dependence on authority. This freedom                     is a sign of maturity.<\/p>\n<p>It can be said with assurance that Canadians do not wish                     to become so dependent on their government that they, like                     people in some other countries, will forfeit political democracy.                     All that they look for is adequate reward for initiative,                     ability and work, with safeguards for those who cannot work.<\/p>\n<p>Hon. Paul Martin, Minister of National Health and Welfare,                     told a conference on social work in June: &#8220;It never can be                     too often emphasized that social security is not an end in                     itself; it is only part of the pattern of our whole social                     system. The first essential in any society is to produce in                     such quantities that all who are willing to work and who can                     work will be able to enjoy a decent livelihood for themselves                     and their families.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Closely allied with dependency is fear. People who live                     in states where citizens are kept as dependents are afraid                     that their benefits will be cut off if they offend the powers                     that handle the distribution of gifts, allowances and bonuses.<\/p>\n<h3>Freedom<\/h3>\n<p>Canadians, whether native-born or immigrants, may live                     and act with full security within our pattern of freedom.                     We do not simply safeguard human rights; we erect an order                     of law, animated by freedom of men&#8217;s spirits.<\/p>\n<p>This means that men must not expect that in Canada they                     will be told what to do. That is the kind of thing that happened                     in Germany and Russia. We believe here that freedom to think                     should be followed by using your head to choose between alternative                     courses of action. It is freedom of choice that develops personality,                     and it is only out of personality expression that reasonable                     men derive satisfaction.<\/p>\n<p>Democratic governments feel it to be part of their duty                     to avoid unnecessary interference with men and women who intend                     to carve out careers on their own. They believe it is their                     duty to interfere as little as possible with voluntary associations.                     They leave men free to make an honest livelihood at what trades                     they want, and do not dragoon them into labour. They encourage                     men to express their opinions.<\/p>\n<p>Canadians believe in independence and in the growth of personal                     responsibility. They reject the suggestion that men should                     be made good citizens by compulsion, by statute, or by coercion.                     They believe more good will be accomplished by inducting the                     Golden Rule into all phases of Canadian life than by any number                     of government edicts. Regard for one&#8217;s fellow man, considered                     by some to be the touchstone of all other virtues, stands                     out as a cardinal principle of Canadian life, both within                     Canada and in her international contacts.<\/p>\n<h3>The Good Citizen<\/h3>\n<p>All of these rights, liberties and benefits are at the free                     and bountiful service of good citizens. Anyone can be a good                     citizen of Canada if he keeps his heart right; if he acknowledges                     the dignity and worth of all socially acceptable work; if                     he appreciates the necessity and justice of a fair return                     for a fair day&#8217;s labour; if he realizes the interdependence                     of all people, and that a high standard of living depends                     upon the co-operation and contribution of all people;                     if he feels the need for conserving Canada&#8217;s natural resources                     of men and materials, and does his part toward their best                     development; if he participates in municipal, provincial and                     federal government and in community affairs.<\/p>\n<p>That citizens should participate in governing themselves                     is a vital part of democracy. You cannot set up a democracy                     by building government machinery, but only by developing a                     spirit.<\/p>\n<p>When a person is convinced that our Canadian way of life                     offers more opportunity and happiness to larger numbers of                     persons than does any other scheme, he will be eager to contribute                     his share to keeping it effectively working. The democracy                     of which we are talking is an arrangement of life whereby                     the members of a group, large or small, have opportunity to                     partake in proportion to their maturity and ability. There                     is no room in such a society for envious dislike of persons                     who are prominent or great, but an appreciation of what all                     greatness adds to the common good.<\/p>\n<h3>Our Government<\/h3>\n<p>Democratic government is a form of government in which the                     people rule by discussion and compromise. Free elections,                     in which the people choose their government representatives,                     and the secret ballot, which gives them absolute freedom of                     choice, are prized possessions of Canadians.<\/p>\n<p>In Canada, <em>all <\/em>government is elected government,                     responsible to the people. The cabinet, which has its finger                     on all phases of national life, economic and social, internal                     and external, is made up of men chosen from the elected representatives                     of the people. These men, each of whom is head of a department                     of government, are directly responsible to parliament.<\/p>\n<p>There is no distinction between class or creed in Canadian                     public affairs. Rich or poor, a Canadian citizen has a voice                     in the government, may serve on a municipal council, in a                     provincial legislature, in parliament, or on boards set up                     by any of these governments. Minorities are heard freely and                     patiently.<\/p>\n<p>The existence of an opposition party in parliament is necessary                     to our system. In totalitarian countries there can be only                     one political party, and a revolution is needed if a government                     is to be changed. In a democracy, the people may vote the                     government out and the opposition in.<\/p>\n<p>This is one reason why it is the duty of any democratic                     government to take the people frankly into its confidence.<\/p>\n<p>Consultation is one of the oldest democratic functions,                     the natural instrument for government to use in order to harmonize                     its policy with public opinion. The people should be given                     a picture in broad outline of the proposed plan and of the                     economic and social facts that underlie it. Then they should                     be shown what are their individual tasks and duties. The people                     of a democratic country like Canada cannot be driven in blinkers.                     Any attempt to promote great changes without making clear                     the purpose and method will dissolve into frustration.<\/p>\n<h3>External Affairs<\/h3>\n<p>Canadians have a compelling interest in world affairs. The                     pressure of events, the continuing sense of crisis, and the                     rivalries of continents, demand clear and confident rather                     than flamboyant leadership, and this Canada is prepared to                     give. She has the attributes of a hunter who was referred                     to by a companion in these terms: &#8220;He is the kind of man to                     go tiger hunting with in the dark, because you can always                     reach out and be sure he is there.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Canada, more than most nations, needs world peace for her                     prosperity. Her external trade provides a third of her national                     income. If her exports were cut off or seriously interfered                     with, every workman&#8217;s pay envelope would suffer. For this                     practical reason, as well as because of a natural desire for                     world peace and order, Canada supports the United Nations.<\/p>\n<h3>Religion and Education<\/h3>\n<p>People in Canada worship in many different ways, yet their                     belief in God, their emphasis upon trust, hope and love are                     strong assets toward the development of good citizenship.                     All the faiths represented in Canada, and freely practised                     here, teach the dignity of the human soul, and regard all                     individuals as important members of the human family. The                     church, of whatever denomination, is the voice of the nation&#8217;s                     conscience.<\/p>\n<p>This spiritual culture, the inward force which creates and                     sustains the outward manifestations of civilization, is the                     greatest power a democracy can have. That is one reason why                     democracies take such pains to safeguard the right of citizens                     to worship &#8220;each according to the dictates of his own conscience&#8221;.                     It is one of the most important freedoms in the modern world.<\/p>\n<p>Church authorities in Canada and elsewhere are emphatic                     in their condemnation of the atheism and tyranny of Communism.                     Any system of government that deprives people of the right                     to faith, the exercise of their religious instincts, and the                     communion of spirit provided by worship, will be condemned                     by all right-thinking people.<\/p>\n<p>There are ample and freely-available educational resources                     in Canada, directed to providing the opportunity for self-realization,                     human relationship, economic efficiency and civic responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>The standard educational ladder consists of eight grades                     in a public elementary school and four or five in a public                     secondary school, though there are minor differences in the                     provinces. The vital point is that throughout these years                     education is free. There are certain &#8220;separate&#8221; schools to                     accommodate minority groups.<\/p>\n<p>After school years comes adult education, which enables                     the mature members of the community to pursue various courses                     of study. In recent years, adult education has grown from                     almost complete obscurity to the position of a third partner                     along with higher education and the public schools. It is                     not a scheme to help the illiterate and under-educated                     to &#8220;catch up&#8221;, but a plan for enabling everyone to develop                     the best that is in him and obtain the greatest satisfactions                     out of life.<\/p>\n<p>Adult education is a main strength of democracy. Subversive                     influences and totalitarian philosophies thrive on ignorance.                     They cannot stand the light of truth. This is why enlightened                     men in business, government and education are supporting every                     advance in adult education, urging the idea of lighting up                     the schools at night for use of mature persons, and contributing                     through pamphlets, films and posters to the spread of knowledge.<\/p>\n<h3>Law and the Police<\/h3>\n<p>The high standing and independence of magistrates and judges                     have always been conspicuous merits in Canadian government.                     Judges are not elected but are appointed for life by the Governor-General                     in Council or the Provincial Lieutenant-Governor in Council,                     according to the rank and duty of the court. They must not                     take part in politics, and are not allowed to vote. Their                     positions are regarded by all as posts of great honour and                     responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>Respect for the law derives from the highest levels. In                     taking the Coronation Oath, the King is asked: &#8220;Will you to                     your power, cause Law and Justice, in Mercy, to be executed                     in all your judgments?&#8221; To which the King assents, &#8220;I will.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>From coast to coast, Canada has a uniform code of criminal                     laws and a uniform procedure in criminal matters. The purpose                     of law is to guard the liberties of every citizen. In a democracy                     like Canada, a man is free to live as he chooses so long as                     he keeps within the law which he, as a voter, had a hand in                     shaping.<\/p>\n<p>The police in Canada, perhaps better than any other group,                     know the meaning of civil liberties and personal rights because                     it is their duty to guard against the violation of these rights                     by anyone or by any group. They are the friends of every good                     citizen, and the defenders of our free democratic way of life.<\/p>\n<h3>Our Future<\/h3>\n<p>We can listen at any moment and hear our country growing.                     The air is rich with promise. The spirit of Canada is progressive                     still. We can say to the children who left school this year                     what old Voltaire, when he went to Paris in 1778 to die, said                     to the youth in whose hearts he sensed the grandeur of the                     coming century: &#8220;The young are fortunate: they will see great                     things.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We are not seeking a mechanical utopia, or a country with                     highways paved with gold. The ideal Canada will be developed                     by its people, using all that science can give them as an                     aid but keeping their roots firmly grounded in the rich heritage                     of the past.<\/p>\n<p>To quote a fine Greek adage: &#8220;Life is the gift of nature,                     but beautiful living is the gift of wisdom.&#8221; What we need                     in these days is to broaden our knowledge and intelligence,                     and at the same time cling to the simple virtues which our                     society approves. The values which test achievement &#8211; honesty,                     truthfulness, self-control, fair play, loyalty, devoutness,                     and many others &#8211; these play a determining part in the course                     and pattern of life.<\/p>\n<p>We, a nation of 14 million people, covet no other man&#8217;s                     land. We wish that the nations of the world should live together                     in peace, and that we and they should develop an exalted spirit                     of co-operation.<\/p>\n<p>We will do our share toward bringing into being the better                     world of which all good men dream. We will transmit our handiwork                     to future Canadians, in the confident faith that time will                     merely wear away the dross of it, and that what is worthy                     in what we and our children build will be preserved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[30],"class_list":["post-4123","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-30"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>September 1950 - Vol. 31, No. 9 - Our Canadian Way of Life - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/september-1950-vol-31-no-9-our-canadian-way-of-life\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"September 1950 - Vol. 31, No. 9 - Our Canadian Way of Life - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article is an attempt to condense into a mere 3,000 words the essence of what goes to make up our Canadian Way of Life; it would take volumes and volumes to tell it all. 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