{"id":4064,"date":"1945-10-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1945-10-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/october-november-1945-vol-26-no-10-post-war-youth\/"},"modified":"1945-10-01T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"1945-10-01T01:00:00","slug":"october-november-1945-vol-26-no-10-post-war-youth","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/october-november-1945-vol-26-no-10-post-war-youth\/","title":{"rendered":"October-November 1945 &#8211; Vol. 26, No. 10 &#8211; Post-War Youth"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Youth&#8217;s problems are not all economic,                     though that is the feature most often referred to. They are                     much wider, involving family life, education, recreation,                     social experiences and guidance. This is an age which questions                     everything, and the subjects about which youths are seeking                     knowledge cover every phase of human activity. Parents know                     that their children do not obey unquestioningly as children                     did even one generation ago; business firms have introduced                     new methods of employee relations to meet the changed attitudes                     of young workers; associations which have existed for scores                     of years find that they must explain, and sometimes broaden,                     the objectives laid down by their founders; teachers are required                     to go into detail when lecturing on principles that were axiomatic                     a quarter century ago. <\/p>\n<p> Change in world affairs and human living is natural, but                     it becomes beneficial only when human beings move to meet                     it, shifting the emphasis from what was done in the past to                     what can be done in the present. This carries two warnings:                     to adults, that while a youth is preparing to take part in                     the life of future years, he is at the same time living now,                     and desires immediate satisfactions: to youth, that if he                     should be carried away by the doctrine of seeking absolute                     safety, he may miss the satisfaction and adventure which activate                     the explorer, the scientist, the artist &#8211; the zest and open-mindedness                     that come only to those who dare to begin something new. An                     intelligent, alert youth, unafraid of study and work, will                     receive fair and generous co-operation from Canadian                     adults and their organizations. <\/p>\n<p> It is undoubtedly true that the hopes of the world are centred                     now as never before so strongly in the youth of the world.                     Young men and women need to prepare themselves for taking                     over responsibility for the economic and spiritual changes                     which are undoubtedly stirring the nations, because the strength                     and safety of communities and nations depend upon their virtue                     and intelligence. While steadiness will be required in the                     ranks of all countries, the next quarter century will see                     an increased demand for fire and initiative in their leaders.                   <\/p>\n<p> The first errors to be swept from the minds of young people                     are the ideas that days of opportunity are past, and that                     there is no longer a premium on effort. When executives tell                     young people starting work that advancement depends upon their                     own efforts, it is a sincere and serious warning. If youth                     chooses to disregard the advice of successful businessmen,                     it must face the fact that the alternative is a totalitarian                     state government, such as those the democracies have just                     defeated, or an industrial paternalism. Either is calculated                     to relieve the worker of the necessity to think, and force                     him into the ranks of those who do nothing but obey orders                     and perform the tasks to which they are assigned. <\/p>\n<p> Youth has always walked the democratic countries with such                     swift feet that ideas of regulation and regimentation are                     not likely to appeal. Reaction to loss of freedom might take                     one of two forms: struggle, or resignation. Neither would                     be good for individuals or the nation. The pitting of class                     against class would disrupt the best plans for steady development                     of resources. Passive acceptance, with surrender of independence                     and willingness to depend for better jobs on political patronage,                     would ruin the spirit of youth and deprive the country of                     worthwhile leaders. Youth, which is the link between childhood                     and adulthood, needs to be a combination of dash and prudence.                   <\/p>\n<p> One handicap to reorientation is that anyone trying to compare                     or correlate two generations belongs to one of them, and will                     have difficulty in understanding the other. Another is the                     natural reluctance to make fundamental changes which might                     affect the accustomed way of life. These two obstacles apply                     to youth as well as to adulthood, a fact which points to the                     need for dealing with the issue co-operatively, with                     a distinct responsibility on both parties. If it is the part                     of youth to prepare for living, it is equally necessary that                     adults should recognize that youths are living now. Their                     days are ends in themselves, to be used up fully, but they                     can be completely satisfying only so long as they lead to                     the understanding and assumption of responsibility necessary                     to the successful adult. <\/p>\n<p> In seeking their place in society, young people are not                     isolated, but are a vital part of the whole social structure.                     Painful lessons of the danger inherent in separate youth movements                     have been taught the world by the dictator countries. Instead                     of participating with their elders in the economic, developmental                     and social life of the nation, these young people were regimented,                     drilled, and educated out of free society into blind, unthinking                     servitude. No democratic country could contemplate with ease                     such a future for its children, and so it becomes needful                     to make as attractive as possible the way of youth seeking                     a happy place in the workaday world, in spite of whatever                     strains in the social order may arise. <\/p>\n<p> But youth cannot just sit and wait for the adult world to                     solve its problems. The war has disorganized the conventional                     way of life, and has given all ages and all parts of society                     unfamiliar situations. In times of peace cultural changes                     are slow, and can be taken in their stride by adults and youths                     alike, but war accelerates the speed of evolution, and makes                     broad-scale, combined-age planning more difficult.                     In this regard it is well to remember that young people are                     more impressed by what they see done than by what they hear                     talked about, and adults are placed in the position of being                     examples: they will be expected to listen and talk intelligently                     about youth&#8217;s problems, and weigh young peoples&#8217; enthusiasms                     kindly. <\/p>\n<p> Family problems are likely to be particularly acute in the                     next few years, because the war has instilled greater feelings                     of the desire for independence in young people. They have                     been given, by participation in battles and industry, a new                     feeling of self-importance. This, properly handled by                     church, educational, family and business connections, may                     be made a great influence toward self-direction and self-control.                     If not treated diplomatically, it may become volcanic, to                     the detriment of the individual and of the state. Not all                     youths succeed in reconciling the fact that they need their                     families at the same time as they are beginning to rebel most                     strongly against the family discipline, and, perhaps, lack                     of progressiveness. Yet families are important. If the nation                     took over children, it would inevitably turn out adults who                     were alike in their reactions and culture, subservient to                     regimentation, and unmarked by the initiative that is fostered                     by family life. <\/p>\n<p> Diagnosis and realization are the first needs of an appreciation                     of the problem, but it is necessary to proceed toward a cure,                     which is a joint responsibility of youths and their elders.                     Planning by and for youth should be organized as part of the                     total planning of the community, because adults working alone                     might become paternalistic, while young people working alone                     without guidance and public support are inclined to weary                     in tasks that spread over long periods. Lasting benefit depends                     upon a scheme which allows the youths to grow into and put                     to use immediately the skills in which they are interested.                     Dozens of communities, inspired by war-time needs, have                     sponsored organizations to bring adults and youths together.                     Whatever they are called, Community Council, Youth Council,                     or a local name, they have done good work in serving youth.                     More than a score arose out of the Canadian Youth Commission.                     The best have realized that it is not enough for youth, or                     those in whose hands the fate of youth rests &#8211; employers,                     school, church, parents, and national leaders &#8211; to establish                     a plan and then cease thinking about it. Pace must be kept                     with changing conditions, and the giving of inspiration needs                     to be continuous. <\/p>\n<p> A survey in Toronto showed that not many of the young people                     who cut short their education to enter war industry are planning                     to return to school; only one per cent of the girls, and about                     a fifth of the boys. The Toronto Reconstruction Council has                     suggested that young people should be provided with training                     allowances, along the lines provided for ex-servicemen,                     to induce them to return to school. <\/p>\n<p> But training is not everything. It is necessary to provide                     advice which will enable young people to choose the field                     for which they are best fitted. Great Britain has done good                     work in vocational guidance, having a juvenile section in                     each employment office which works in close co-operation                     with the schools, and an instruction centre for youths above                     school age. These services help not only the young people,                     but also the employers. By examining the interests and abilities                     of youths, they help employers find the candidates best fitted                     for the jobs offered. So successful has the scheme proven,                     in fact, that employers attested their faith by paying for                     its scientific development and application. It is generally                     recognized that the period of youthful perplexity needs to                     be cut into at both ends: by prolonging education to the extent                     necessary to provide an effective educational background,                     and by preparing youths for, and fitting them into, jobs.                     Moreover, guidance must include acquainting parents and children                     with the nature and scope of many occupations, so as to enable                     them to choose with intelligence and hope of success. Organized                     guidance is necessary because of the changes in kinds of industry,                     changes within an occupation, and the complexity of business.                     These make effective advice by parents very difficult without                     outside help. Professional guidance takes account of the aptitudes,                     ambition, resources and interest of young people, but the                     counselor does not apply tests and then prescribe a course                     which must be followed. He provides information, and helps                     parents and youths to interpret it, and to make a plan. Employers                     are well aware of the fact that while many youths appear fit                     for nothing except unskilled labour, because of poor education                     and lack of training, surprising results are attained through                     right environment, skillful supervision, and encouraging guidance.                     On the other hand, the maladjusted worker means for industry                     waste, inefficiency, and high turnover of employees. <\/p>\n<p> The Canadian census monograph issued in 1937 reported that                     the age for leaving school in 1911 was 14.38 years, while                     the age for achieving economic independence was 16; in 1931                     these ages were 16.25 and 18 years respectively. There was                     a continuous gap between the age of leaving school and the                     age when the youth was able to earn enough to support himself.                     Subsequent reports showed the long-term trend unbroken,                     and, if the tendency continued unchecked, says the monograph,                     &#8220;young people will in a few years be dependent on parents                     at the age of 20.&#8221; Loss of independence was entirely among                     young men, girls having actually gained while young men up                     to 25 had lost. The social effect which gives point to the                     need for a new outlook, was seen in the falling marriage rate                     in the 20 to 24 year age group, and in the 100 per cent increase                     in the illegitimate birth rate from 1921 to 1931. At the time                     of the 1941 census, only 8 per cent of Canada&#8217;s young men                     under 24 were married, and 21 per cent of her young women.                   <\/p>\n<p> From the standpoint of society, it is obviously desirable                     that every youth should have the opportunity to become self-supporting,                     and from youth&#8217;s standpoint it is desirable to encourage and                     guide the girl and boy to learn and to work efficiently. This                     latter objective has become distorted by the work and wages                     condition of war-time. Conversion from war to peace conditions                     of employment will include realization that war conditions                     are not normal. Work habits need to be better. Constant moving                     from one plant to another will not advance the youth in peace-time.                     He must learn to be reliable, and to avoid absenteeism. He                     must have a plan, and guard against the danger of its taking                     him into an occupation remote from his ability. He needs to                     place more emphasis on learning than on work, avoid dead-end                     jobs, and prepare himself for more than routine. These needs                     of young people are recognized by the International Labour                     Conference, to whose meetings in Paris, Canada sent 13 delegates                     and advisers last month. At home, many community authorities                     are seeking a closer correlation of their own efforts with                     those of parents, teachers, employment offices and employers                     to ensure the proper preparation of young people for work                     of a satisfying kind. <\/p>\n<p> It is not enough that a youth should seek education in an                     amoebic manner, meeting immediate needs, feeling his way blindly,                     and unguided by any exact aim. If the adults of today are                     eager to provide the facilities for education, and to pay                     the cost through taxation, youth must take advantage of the                     opportunity enthusiastically. Enrolment in a school or university                     does not require that the institution shall either force education                     upon the student, or trick him into it by games and lures.                     It makes knowledge accessible, and the student should, at                     the cost of any effort, possess himself of the utmost it can                     give. <\/p>\n<p> People who think realistically on the subject know that                     schooling is but a part of education. It provides certain                     basic facts, it conditions the mind to receive, analyze, and                     apply facts and experiences that come from outside, and it                     builds up self-confidence step by step. There are three                     essentials in education &#8211; training for life&#8217;s work; a knowledge                     of science and of its place in civilization, and, most important,                     a philosophy of life. Without a sense of values, the graduating                     student has lost the experience of the past, and has no measuring                     stick for his own future. With right education, adapted to                     the present-day needs of youth, many who would otherwise                     become a focus of social maladjustment, without hope for themselves                     and without use to employers, could become adjusted to both                     society and employment. Schools are trying to lead youth to                     reason and to understand. One evidence of this is in the rising                     quality of instructors. In 18 years, the proportion of teachers                     holding first-class certificates rose from 17 per cent                     to 38 per cent, while the percentage of teachers holding third-class                     or lower certificates dropped from 33 to 7. At the same time,                     higher qualifications are required to obtain the same certificates.                     In the same period the average daily attendance in publicly-controlled                     day schools increased more than 80 per cent, while the population                     of school-age youths increased only 50 per cent. Between                     1921 and 1939 enrolment in universities increased by 14,500,                     and by 1947 it is expected the pre-war total will have                     been doubled. Just before VE Day, service men and women were                     registering for correspondence courses operated by the services                     at the rate of 3,500 a month in Canada and 1,500 overseas,                     and attendance at lectures in the theatres of war exceeded                     7,500 a month. <\/p>\n<p> All of this adds up to a situation which does not seem too                     harsh. Youth is being aided by the increasing understanding                     of adults, wider interest of communities, more opportunities                     for participation in organizations for their own welfare,                     greater attention by governments, constantly broadening scope                     of schools, training in private, government, and plant schools,                     and the guidance offered by unselfish citizens whose only                     objective is the good of youth and the betterment of society.                     These efforts and achievements, however, should not induce                     complacency, because in spite of them youth finds itself at                     a most critical stage in life. Even in a settled world, conflict                     marks all the years of growth toward adulthood, and the problems                     of today&#8217;s young people include, in addition, the let-down                     from pressures of war, the upsets of reconversion, the need                     for suitable jobs, and what to do with leisure. <\/p>\n<p> Joined with the veterans in seeking solutions will be thousands                     of youths who were not of age to join the services, but who                     flocked from school to engage in war production work. Those                     who left their homes and set themselves up independently will                     be particularly vulnerable. They, like the veterans, will                     require advisory and readjustment services which, instead                     of giving them the feeling of being problems in the national                     economy, will give them the sense of being needed in peace                     as they were in war. They should be encouraged to take advantage                     of every facility of school, college, church, social agency,                     community organization, and plant training. That they can                     count upon the sympathetic consideration of employers in meeting                     the needs of resettlement is indicated by the number of reports                     of firms which are making every effort to ensure that young                     employees find suitable jobs in which they will be interested,                     and where they will be given training and experience to enable                     them to climb higher. <\/p>\n<p> The idea has grown in some quarters that work is a disadvantage                     to man, and that working hours should be very short or in                     some way abolished. This is false, because it is only through                     work that mankind advances, but at the same time technological                     developments (the results of man&#8217;s brain-work) tend to                     increase the number of units of production per worker, and                     thereby make greater the amount of his leisure time. What                     to do with it is one of youth&#8217;s problems. The solution is                     not to be found, as was attempted in some countries, in enforced                     mass physical exercise or in utilization of free time by the                     state. This question of providing occupation for non-working                     or non-school time is of great importance, because young                     people without the knowledge and the facilities to make the                     most of it tend to become demoralized by idleness. Many communities                     are making their school playgrounds available for evening                     use by non-school young people, and at the same time                     opening their class rooms, libraries and auditoriums for the                     use of youths seeking to learn everything from tap dancing                     to dramatics, and to practise everything from public speaking                     to discussion of the nation&#8217;s affairs. This idea of the &#8220;lighted                     school house&#8221; caught the fancy of citizens in one Canadian                     city, where adults and youths have worked together to produce                     a splendid programme for leisure time. Youth organizations                     use the schools for their meetings, the auditorium is available                     for dances, and a youth centre for those 17 to 23 has been                     established with a forward-looking programme. The responsibility                     of adults is to provide the environment in which young people                     are allowed to be experimenters in culture, and contributors                     to it. <\/p>\n<p> As for youth, it should recognize that this land is full                     of opportunity, which offers itself to men in proportion to                     their ability, their will for action, their power of vision,                     and their knowledge. There is no greater folly than to sit                     by the roadside waiting for someone to come along and carry                     one with him to wealth and influence. The spirit of dependence                     upon others is abhorrent to successful men. They speak truthfully                     when they say &#8220;There is plenty of room at the top,&#8221; but they                     add: &#8220;You can&#8217;t start climbing without first elbowing your                     way to the foot of the ladder.&#8221; The wise youth, facing the                     post-war world, will make more opportunities than he                     comes upon accidentally, and he will find businessmen and                     educational leaders eager to give a helping hand to anyone                     who has set his mind on advancement. <\/p>\n<p> SAVE YOUR BONDS! Now that the 9th Victory Loan campaign                     has been successfully completed, determine to hold all the                     bonds you bought. You will be performing a service to society                     and to the nation, as well as to yourself. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[25],"class_list":["post-4064","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-25"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>October-November 1945 - Vol. 26, No. 10 - Post-War Youth - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/october-november-1945-vol-26-no-10-post-war-youth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"October-November 1945 - Vol. 26, No. 10 - Post-War Youth - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Youth&#8217;s problems are not all economic, though that is the feature most often referred to. 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