{"id":4058,"date":"1975-11-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1975-11-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T00:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T00:23:10","slug":"vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 56, No. 11 &#8211; November 1975 &#8211; Free and Responsible People"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Everyone has the right to think                     and act and believe as he will, but also the responsibility                     to give an accounting sometime, somewhere, for what he chooses                     to think and believe and do.<\/p>\n<p> The freedom one enjoys in a democratic country like Canada                     is not a matter of making absolutely free choice, but choice                     conditioned by a duty to act according to the trust reposed                     in one by fellow citizens. The foundation of a good nation                     is the sense of mutuality its people have.<\/p>\n<p>Some pursue liberty in a frantic way, as if liberation from                     restrictions and laws were the greatest good in life. The                     legal basis of freedom is obedience to certain social and                     moral laws: a person may be free and yet under constraint,                     he can be both disciplined and free. &#8220;Doing your own thing&#8221;                     is not necessarily an evidence of freedom: it may be sparked                     by pride, or a feeling of incapacity to measure up in the                     customary environment.<\/p>\n<p>The idea of freedom is not an abstraction: we have freedom                     <em>from <\/em>and freedom <em>to<\/em>. The good society gives                     its people the opportunity to realize ever greater human and                     spiritual values. Like other moral virtues, freedom can only                     be maintained by carrying out its duties.<\/p>\n<p>A list of the liberties enjoyed by citizens of Canada would                     fill a page of this <em>Letter<\/em>: religious liberty, political                     liberty, and the civil liberties; personal freedom, freedom                     of expression, and freedom of assembly and association. Every                     freedom has its correlative responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>Whatever a person&#8217;s position in society, labourer or executive,                     voter or politician, he has a duty to do his best. There are                     some who feel that if they obey the law they have done all                     their duty, but duty is not bounded by statutes. The sense                     of duty covers all cases of right doing where there is no                     law to compel you to do it.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Duty is the sublimest word in the language,&#8221; said Robert                     E. Lee. &#8220;You can never do more than your duty; you should                     never wish to do less.&#8221; And Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote in his                     <em>Journals<\/em>: &#8220;Don&#8217;t tell me to get ready to die. I know                     not what shall be. The only preparation I can make is by fulfilling                     my present duties.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Duty is not a spectral figure, solemn and grim, stalking                     us and making notes of our delinquency. It is more like a                     guide, leading us to justify our existence by making the world                     a little better than we found it. If we had a hundred space                     platforms orbiting the earth, the human story would still                     be told in terms of individuals discharging their duty responsibly.<\/p>\n<h3>The state of the world<\/h3>\n<p>An increase in the number of people who believe that nothing                     else matters toward progress but mechanization is matched                     by the number of people who feel helpless in face of the juggernaut                     of impersonal power that surrounds them. The power of the                     bomb, the all-knowingness of the computer, and the force of                     violence affect everyone.<\/p>\n<p>Peace and order and security depend upon the acts of responsible                     people who reject the idea of mob rule, with its contempt                     for human life and values. Preservation of the natural resources                     which are the basis of maintaining life is attained by responsible                     guardians who are aware of the limited capacity of the earth                     to produce food and to absorb waste.<\/p>\n<p>The principle of responsibility is not a creed taken from                     some book of utopian philosophy. In some form or other it                     is strong in the hearts of all except the most depraved and                     graceless people; the thoughtless, the ignorant and the indolent.<\/p>\n<p>Assuming responsibility beckons us out of useless dreaming                     into resolute aim. It is positive, inviting us to make history                     not by what we are against but by what we are for. It is everyone&#8217;s                     responsibility to think of what may be the consequences of                     the things he does. This is the categorical imperative of                     duty spelled out by Immanuel Kant: &#8220;Act as if the principle                     by which you act were about to be turned into a universal                     law of nature.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Duty in society<\/h3>\n<p>There are in this world hundreds of things which are right                     but which cannot be legislated for; things that will never                     be done unless someone is prepared to do them for no reward                     except a feeling that he is contributing what is expected                     of him to society.<\/p>\n<p>If a person is to walk with his head held high he must make                     his contribution in duty done, fairness, sympathy and good                     taste. He may stand aloof from another person or crusade that                     displeases him; but he should not therefore feel called upon                     to make life uncomfortable for people who differ from him.                     We are told by Anne Fremantle in <em>The Age of Belief <\/em>that                     the Celts so hated the Saxons that they refused to try to                     convert them, lest they succeed and the Saxons be saved.<\/p>\n<p>Acceptance of social responsibility means among other things                     not leaving others to do what we should share in doing. The                     world is so complex that we must inevitably owe much to our                     neighbours, but as far as possible every person should stand                     on his own feet.<\/p>\n<p><em>Noblesse oblige <\/em>is a beautiful concept. It denotes                     the moral obligation to display honourable and charitable                     conduct. Human life depends upon a sense of obligation on                     the part of those people who are in position to help others.                     Whether one be a capitalist, a worker or a manager he has                     this obligation to society.<\/p>\n<p>Entry into the group called &#8220;noble&#8221; is open to citizens                     of all classes. It requires only that we possess and practise                     traits that are common among those who are noble. This brings                     into being a new sort of aristocracy, made up of men and women                     from all levels and walks of life: sympathetic, enthusiastic,                     of clear vision and free thought, dedicated to greatness and                     bigness of service to mankind.<\/p>\n<h3>Where duty leads<\/h3>\n<p>The significance of the family as a social unit continues                     through all changes in the environment, but the obligation                     of parents remains. The old pattern has disintegrated, and                     a new system is growing in society. The historical functions                     of the family are being pared away: economic, educational,                     religious, recreational, and protective. There remains the                     least institutionalized: affection.<\/p>\n<p>The relationship is nearer one of friendship than of blood                     affection, but the demands of duty between parents and children                     cannot be evaded without loss of training for effective living.                     Parents are the trustees, obliged to seek and to do the best                     they can for their children, it is their obligation to see                     that flushed and blundering youth is not left to stumble on                     its own mistakes, with nothing to guide them but shocked looks                     and sentimental talk.<\/p>\n<p>Young people are not exempt from responsibility. They have                     duties toward their parents and other aging people. The aged                     provide a problem of national anxiety. Governments, welfare                     organizations, churches, and the professions are expressing                     concern.<\/p>\n<p>The problem requires an organized co-operative approach                     involving governments, health, education, and religious organizations,                     and labour and economic agencies. It offers young people an                     opportunity to show their worth as responsible citizens.<\/p>\n<p>A society is described in terms of collective behaviour,                     social usages, sanctions, status and sentiments. To have a                     community, people must work together with common principles                     and purposes. No one is rich enough, wise enough or safe enough                     to do without a neighbour.<\/p>\n<h3>Increasing pressures<\/h3>\n<p>In the last quarter of this century communities have to                     take into account many features that did not trouble them                     in the first quarter: the proliferation of services combined                     with an unprecedented industrial growth; an urban concentration                     creating many new needs at the municipal level; urgent need                     to control air and water pollution; to conserve oil, coal                     and natural gas and find substitutes; to develop low-cost                     housing, efficient urban transportation, and recreational                     facilities such as parks, green belts and libraries.<\/p>\n<p>All these involve responsible thought and work. Just as                     in family life, life in the community requires a mixture of                     dependence, sympathy, persuasion and compulsion. Those who                     expect to reap the benefits of community life must undergo                     the fatigue of supporting it.<\/p>\n<p>It seems to some people much easier not to get involved                     with others. Why, then, is it said: &#8220;It is better to give                     than to receive?&#8221; Will Durant gives one answer in <em>The Mansions                     of Philosophy<\/em>: &#8220;There is more pleasure in giving than                     in taking, for all taking is submission, and all giving is                     mastery.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Effective voluntary organizations provide an essential service                     that is not available through governmental agencies. The chief                     value of the work of a volunteer is not that he or she works                     for nothing, but that the volunteer gives something of himself,                     providing the compassionate, personal, supportive warmth that                     is lacking in social security programmes.<\/p>\n<p>There are three viewpoints, every one legitimate within                     its area: that of the professional agency, that of the recipient,                     and that of the volunteer. The recipient is undoubtedly more                     efficiently served by persons who are qualified by training.                     The recipient, however, needs more than competent diagnosis                     and treatment whether his difficulty arises from physical,                     mental or economic disorder. Government departments and agencies                     do not provide what has been called &#8220;tender loving care&#8221;.                     And, finally, those who give voluntary service are reaping                     for themselves a great value, because everyone needs the opportunity                     to express his humanity.<\/p>\n<p>The increase in the size of industrial units has been changing                     the relationship of management and workers, and the change                     brings with it a new challenge to the responsibility of the                     leaders on both sides of industry. The worker is responsible                     to management to do a good job honestly; the management is                     responsible to act properly toward workers, the firm, and                     the public.<\/p>\n<h3>Individual responsibility<\/h3>\n<p>It would be an error to suppose that only political representatives                     and business executives are obligated. In a country where                     all have votes, as we have in Canada, all are trustees, it                     depends upon the integrity of each one, as voter and worker,                     how well the powers of those in authority are used so as to                     benefit all society.<\/p>\n<p>A responsible person, says the dictionary, is a person you                     can put confidence in. He faces up to the consequences of                     his actions.<\/p>\n<p>Responsible people are honourable people. Dean Swift defined                     honour as judging one&#8217;s own cause as though it were another&#8217;s.                     The responsible person is not guided by the answer to the                     question &#8220;What would I like to do?&#8221; but &#8220;What is the right                     thing to do?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>A person&#8217;s responsibility is not compressed within an external                     code of rules. The laws of the land do not cover nearly all                     the obligations people have for their own conduct. For example,                     the &#8220;seven deadly sins&#8221; listed by Dr. James Stalker in his                     book of that name are: pride, avarice, luxury, envy, gluttony,                     anger and sloth. Not one of these is mentioned in the Criminal                     Code of Canada as a crime.<\/p>\n<p>No individual can count himself out of the duties associated                     with good living. One danger faced by democracy is what Viscount                     Bryce, at one time British ambassador at Washington, called                     &#8220;The fatalism of the multitude&#8230; a sense of the insignificance                     of personal effort.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>What is needed is not the chivalry of romantic knighthood,                     but a helping hand, though discharge of responsibility may                     very well be accomplished in the true spirit of knighthood:                     rescuing the oppressed, redressing wrongs, abolishing evil                     customs, and suppressing injustice.<\/p>\n<p>Albert Einstein, called by his biographer &#8220;Maker of Universes&#8221;,                     declared: &#8220;I realize how much my own outer and inner life                     is built upon the labors of my fellow-men, both living and                     dead, and how earnestly I must exert myself in order to give                     in return as much as I have received.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>In need of help<\/h3>\n<p>Canadians have acquired a good level of living by good means:                     work and prudent spending. The hard thing is to learn how                     to use the good things of life properly.<\/p>\n<p>We reached our feeling of adequacy &#8211; where all felt needs                     are met &#8211; somewhere not far removed from the consumption levels                     of a pioneering society, but the sum of pleasures in modern                     life is much greater, and we are reaching for more. This recalls                     the order given to Moses: &#8220;When you reap the harvest of your                     land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field,                     neither shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest.&#8221; The                     good things of life are to be shared with others.<\/p>\n<p>Artificial standards of living are based on shifting definitions                     of what constitutes a decent livelihood. Good food, good housing,                     and good education are primary needs, but the radio receiver                     and the television set are no longer toys for the wealthy                     but pieces of functional furniture.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of the failure of some citizens to keep up with                     rising standards may be seen among Canada&#8217;s native people.                     The old economy of the Indian and Eskimo people is not valid                     today. Living off the land is no longer feasible, even if                     the people were content to live in a pre-industrial way.<\/p>\n<p>Across Canada there are zones of natural goods &#8211; forests,                     plains and mines &#8211; and zones of industry, but these divisions                     do not segregate Canadians into those who have and those who                     have not. Citizenship obligations transcend such divisions.                     As Paul MacKendrick wrote in <em>The Roman Mind at Work<\/em>:                     &#8220;Romans at their best believed that no privilege is deserved                     unless its holders exercise it with due regard for the rights,                     and due resolve to improve the lot, of the underprivileged.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Hunger is not all that people suffer from. The poor and                     deprived are not only those who are hungry. They are also                     those whose level of employability is considered relatively                     worthless, whose work can be exchanged for only small amounts                     of money, incapable of meeting the standard of life they see                     all around them. Living in poverty means that a person has                     insufficient access to the goods, services and conditions                     of life which have come to be accepted as basic to a minimum                     standard of living.<\/p>\n<p>Dian Cohen said in her column on the business page of the                     <em>Montreal Star <\/em>in March: &#8220;There are still children in                     Canada today who are physically and mentally retarded because                     they have not eaten properly since they were born. There are                     still Canadians who will go to bed tonight fully clothed because                     they are inadequately sheltered.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>The Third World<\/h3>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s responsibility does not end with its own people.                     No state can be completely sovereign in the sense that it                     is in no way affected by what happens beyond its boundaries,                     Dr. L. P. Jacks wrote in <em>My Neighbour the Universe<\/em>:                     &#8220;My neighbour is the organized totality of existence. This                     it is that claims my duty, my service, my love: this it is                     that I am to love as I love myself.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Many governments have accepted a commitment to help the                     impoverished nations to free themselves from the bondage of                     want. Young people especially seem to realize that Canada                     is not made up of a citizenship separated by some mysterious                     distinction from the rest of the world. They have a feeling                     of oneness in human development.<\/p>\n<p>Lester B. Pearson, chairman of the Commission on International                     Affairs, said: &#8220;Concern with the needs of other and poorer                     nations is the expression of a new and fundamental aspect                     of the modern age &#8211; the awareness that we live in a village                     world, that we belong to a world community.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Many nations were left behind by the technological revolution,                     and large parts of the world do not yet have knowledge that                     permits the attainment of a reasonable level of living. They                     are trying to move from a primitive, preliterate colonial                     past into an industrialized future with no time for an intermediate                     present. Their wants are continually expanding as the people                     come into closer contact with the West.<\/p>\n<p>Some persons object to the use of &#8220;underdeveloped&#8221; as it                     is applied to these nations, but the word has no critical                     implication, meaning simply that modernization lies ahead.<\/p>\n<p>The term &#8220;Third World&#8221; is now used to describe the group                     of developing nations, especially of Asia and Africa, that                     need capital, knowledge, training, agricultural productivity,                     planning and exports. Aid will do the most good in those countries                     which are themselves making sustained and disciplined efforts                     to mobilize their own material, intellectual and moral resources                     for investment in their own economic future.<\/p>\n<p>It is important that in doing our duty to others we respect                     their feelings. When helping the under-dog we need to remember                     that from their point of view that makes us the over-dog,                     and their pride suffers.<\/p>\n<p>We should speak no soft words for pity&#8217;s sake without accompanying                     action, nor should we display sympathy <em>for <\/em>the people                     to whom we are in duty bound to give help, but sympathy <em>with                     <\/em>them. The distinction is seen in an entry in Pepys&#8217; Diary:                     &#8220;Was fain to stay a great while because of the rain, and there                     borrowed a coat of a man for 6d and so he rode all the way,                     poor man, without any.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Living responsibly<\/h3>\n<p>What is it to live effectively responsible? It is to establish                     ourselves in the central undertaking of human life, in mutually                     fulfilling relationship with fellow humans. We need to remain                     human. Machines were introduced to be the extension of people&#8217;s                     hands, but men are in danger of becoming an extension of the                     machine, functional robots, doing even good deeds mechanically.<\/p>\n<p>Human beings are more and more refusing to be regarded as                     statistics. B. R. Sen, Director-General of the Food and Agriculture                     Organization of the United Nations, said: &#8220;What the world                     needs most today is not merely a wider exchange of material                     benefits, essential though it is, but also a conscious dedication                     to the right of man to grow to his full stature, regardless                     of the place of his birth, the colour of his skin, or of the                     faiths and beliefs he might cherish.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;All the high religious &#8211; Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism,                     Islam, Taoism&#8221; &#8211; wrote Dr. A. P. Davies in <em>The Meaning                     of the Dead Sea Scrolls<\/em>, &#8220;exalt the same principles and                     point to love and brotherhood as the path to the good life,                     both for individuals and for society.&#8221; The responsibility                     is not to feed the deserving hungry, or the industrious hungry,                     or the amiable and well-intentioned hungry, but simply &#8220;feed                     the hungry.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Act with sensibility<\/h3>\n<p>Liberty and duty are twinned with right reason, as the angel                     Michael said to Adam in <em>Paradise Lost<\/em>. Shouldering                     responsibility does not mean carrying all the world&#8217;s problems.                     The Golden Rule does not prescribe that a person shall take                     no care for his own interests and his own welfare. The person                     who wishes to remain free must continue to carry a very substantial                     load of personal responsibility for his own well-being.<\/p>\n<p>Sir John Lubbock, writer of scientific works, member of                     parliament and compiler of the first list of <em>The Hundred                     Best Books<\/em>, said: &#8220;We must be careful not to undermine                     independence in our anxiety to relieve distress. There is                     always the difficulty that whatever is done for men takes                     from them a great stimulus to work, and weakens the feeling                     of independence; all creatures which depend on others tend                     to become mere parasites.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>People need to be concerned about filling their role, about                     developing the &#8220;let&#8217;s do something about it&#8221; attitude. Do-Democracy                     is democracy based on genuine participation through which                     a person answers positively the questions: &#8220;What duty do I                     owe to my country, to my neighbours, to my friends?&#8221; He will                     thus make history something more than a period to be lived                     through. He will be actively engaged in making history.<\/p>\n<p>Acceptance of responsibility leads in business to the use                     of power and authority justly and sympathetically; in society                     it leads to a co-operative effort to improve the living conditions                     of all people wherever they live, and in personal life to                     the greatest fulfilment of an individual&#8217;s capacity, large                     or small as it may be.<\/p>\n<p>In <em>My Neighbour the Universe <\/em>Dr. L. P. Jacks wrote:                     &#8220;The meaning of right and wrong covers a man&#8217;s relations to                     the entire universe and not merely his relations to his brother                     man in society. A human being has duties to the whole universe                     in which he finds himself living.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Of these duties the chief is to get to understand as much                     of the universe as he can, and then, in the strength of that                     knowledge, to do his utmost toward making it a <em>better                     <\/em>universe than it would have been if he had not happened                     to be born, by creating some bit of new value, though it be                     only making two blades of grass grow where one grew before,                     or mending the broken leg of a sparrow &#8211; in other words, by                     bringing to bear all that he knows about the universe on the                     guidance of his own conduct as a citizen of it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>To act in that way is to assume responsibility as a free                     human being, as a Canadian, and as a part of the universe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[55],"class_list":["post-4058","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-55"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 56, No. 11 - November 1975 - Free and Responsible People - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 56, No. 11 - November 1975 - Free and Responsible People - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Everyone has the right to think and act and believe as he will, but also the responsibility to give an accounting sometime, somewhere, for what he chooses to think and believe and do. The freedom one enjoys in a democratic country like Canada is not a matter of making absolutely free choice, but choice conditioned [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-28T00:23:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/\",\"name\":\"Vol. 56, No. 11 - November 1975 - Free and Responsible People - RBC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1975-11-01T01:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-28T00:23:10+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"RBC\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vol. 56, No. 11 - November 1975 - Free and Responsible People - RBC","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-56-no-11-november-1975-free-and-responsible-people\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vol. 56, No. 11 - November 1975 - Free and Responsible People - RBC","og_description":"Everyone has the right to think and act and believe as he will, but also the responsibility to give an accounting sometime, somewhere, for what he chooses to think and believe and do. 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