{"id":4009,"date":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1993-05-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-74-no-3-may-june-1993-a-room-and-a-coffee-pot\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:17:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:17:34","slug":"vol-74-no-3-may-june-1993-a-room-and-a-coffee-pot","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-74-no-3-may-june-1993-a-room-and-a-coffee-pot\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 74 No. 3 &#8211; May\/June 1993 &#8211; A Room and a Coffee Pot"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Support groups have been springing up everywhere                     lately to strengthen people&#8217;s ability to cope with personal                     problems. They activate the healing power of faith, hope,                     and charity. They also prove an old theory: that you can&#8217;t                     do good for another person without doing good for yourself&#8230;<\/p>\n<p> It is insufficiently recognized in the news of all the bad                     things that are going on in this world that a lot of good                     things are also happening. God knows the human race has problems                     &#8211; new and different ones, it seems, every day. But the problems                     are not, as in the past, simply being allowed to take their                     course; people are resisting them, coping with them, trying                     to eliminate or mitigate their causes. And in this way, good                     is coming out of bad, bringing hope to countless individuals                     who otherwise might be doomed to a life of misery.<\/p>\n<p>There could be no better example of this phenomenon than                     the support group movement which has grown up in recent years                     to help people to cope with personal afflictions. In the English                     language the movement also goes under the heading of &#8220;self-help&#8221;                     a term that is somewhat misleading at first glance. In a great                     many cases, people turn to these groups precisely because                     they cannot help themselves: they have surrendered control                     over their own behaviour to an addiction or other form of                     inner compulsion. They need the help of others to restore                     their personal autonomy.<\/p>\n<p>There is, however, some validity to the term when you consider                     the psychological process that takes place when people decide                     to join support groups. First, they refuse to let a problem                     run rampant without fighting back. Then, rather than handing                     the problem over to a professional, as a litigant would hand                     a law suit over to a lawyer, they take responsibility for                     dealing with their own cases in association with fellow-sufferers.                     Most well-established support groups welcome professional                     counsel, but professional participation is ancillary to their                     &#8220;do-it-yourself&#8221; approach.<\/p>\n<p>The concept of self-help originated in the United States                     in 1935 with the formation of Alcoholics Anonymous. In those                     days little help was available for alcohol addiction outside                     of hospitals. AA&#8217;s founders developed a step-by-step program                     of recovery from their addiction centred on meetings at which                     alcoholics related their experiences and compared notes on                     how to stay sober. They set up a system through which members                     could call on the moral support of their fellows in moments                     of weakness at any time of day or night.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, the idea of mutual support was not new: on the                     contrary, it goes back to the very beginnings of civilization.                     The first human settlements were built by people who faced                     common hardships and dangers and realized that their burdens                     were lightened when they were shared. People formed religious                     congregations which brought the strength of unity to the task                     of aiding the weaker members of their society. At the centre                     of it all was the extended family, consisting not only of                     parents and children, but of grandparents, cousins, uncles                     and aunts.<\/p>\n<p>What was new about AA was that it responded to the needs                     of a society in which the role of the family was diminishing.                     Today the extended family, with more or less all of its members                     in one place, has largely become a thing of the past. In North                     America, mobility is part of the culture. When people are                     scattered all over the map, they become less likely to turn                     to their families in times of trouble than if they had stayed                     in their places of birth.<\/p>\n<p>It is interesting that one of the founders of Alcoholics                     Anonymous was living away from home when the movement started.                     He was a stockbroker from New York City working in Akron,                     Ohio, on a business deal. The venture failed, and he was tempted                     to resume drinking after a long spell of sobriety. He sought                     out another alcoholic, a local physician, and helped the latter                     overcome his own drinking problem. Soon both were permanently                     sober, and together they laid down the principles of AA.<\/p>\n<p>The word &#8220;Anonymous&#8221; originally referred to the idea that                     not being required to disclose one&#8217;s name or other personal                     details encourages a healthy process of &#8220;opening up&#8221; about                     one&#8217;s feelings and failures. But it also carries echoes of                     the isolation and alienation that have led to so many human                     problems in modern western society.<\/p>\n<h3>Simply admitting to a problem is a big step                   towards recovery<\/h3>\n<p>Recent years have brought a rash of family breakups along                     with the decline of the family-based community as a result                     of the steady migration from rural to urban areas. Fewer and                     fewer people actively practise religion, more and more of                     them are living alone, and vast numbers of children are being                     raised in the absence of one of their parents. All these trends                     detract from the emotional stability which individuals once                     found among their families, neighbourhoods, and communities.<\/p>\n<p>Still, people today tend to romanticize and mythologize                     the old- fashioned way of life, forgetting that the cosy little                     towns of yesteryear could be very cruel to those who did not                     conform to their orthodoxies. In such a milieu, men and women                     with personal problems either kept them hidden or ran the                     risk of being ostracized, bringing disrepute to their families                     as well.<\/p>\n<p>The advantage of a support group over a community in dealing                     with aberrant behaviour is that members of support groups                     are unlikely to take a censorious view of human frailties.                     Their own knowledge of how easy it is to succumb to weakness                     prevents them from making severe judgments. If a member falters                     and goes back to the old destructive ways, he or she is more                     likely to be regarded as a salutary negative example than                     as a failure to be despised.<\/p>\n<p>As for the family, the emotional support offered by self-help                     groups goes beyond what any family can be expected to offer.                     &#8220;Self- helpers&#8221; find they can express thoughts and feelings                     to their peers which they could never reveal to their most                     intimate or sympathetic relatives.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed family relationships are among the main sources of                     the troubles that drive people to seek help in the first place.                     Several years after AA was founded, a group of its members                     formed Al-Anon, designed to help the spouses of actively alcoholic                     partners. Now called Al-Anon Family Groups, it has become                     an umbrella organization covering the companions, relatives,                     friends and children of alcoholics.<\/p>\n<p>The original &#8220;anonymous&#8221; movements have since been emulated                     by a large number of groups: Gamblers Anonymous, Narcotics                     Anonymous, Divorce Anonymous, Debtors Anonymous, Overeaters                     Anonymous, and Emotions Anonymous, to mention a few of the                     more prominent ones. Anonymity is by no means universal among                     support groups, but it is considered useful in situations                     where people are embarrassed by their problem because society                     attaches a stigma to it.<\/p>\n<p>Anonymity also helps to make at least some group members                     feel that they can talk sincerely about themselves, withholding                     nothing. To cover up addictions and personal pain, people                     in trouble become adept at deceiving those around them, and                     deceiving themselves into the bargain. Therefore self-help                     programs entail a &#8220;searching and fearless moral inventory&#8221;                     which is best accomplished in the company of people who have                     had similar experiences. They are not likely to be shocked                     by frank revelations, or duped by lies or partial truths about                     oneself.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;No person is ever made better by having someone else tell                     him how rotten he is; but many are made better by avowing                     the guilt themselves,&#8221; wrote Bishop Fulton J. Sheen. The popular                     Roman Catholic churchman obviously had a keen appreciation                     of the curative properties of the confessional. For many,                     the cathartic effect of admitting to others that they have                     a problem at all is a big step towards recovery.<\/p>\n<p>People are conditioned to feel ashamed of personal problems                     that are serious enough to call for outside help, and trying                     to cover their shame tends to isolate them from society. Merely                     &#8220;coming out with it&#8221; brings a liberating feeling of relief                     which is intensified by the realization that other group members                     have behaved just as self-destructively, and hurt as many                     others while doing so, as oneself.<\/p>\n<p>Individuals who keep telling themselves &#8220;how rotten they                     are&#8221; are likely to find others in their group who are clearly                     not rotten at heart, but who nevertheless have been down the                     same grim road as they have. It is strangely encouraging to                     know that one is not alone in having a particular problem.                     To know that others can muster the strength to fight it stiffens                     one&#8217;s own resolve to persevere.<\/p>\n<p>The toughest obstacle to personal reform is the fatalism                     that whispers inwardly, &#8220;I&#8217;ll never be able to change, so                     it&#8217;s no use trying.&#8221; It dwells in people who have unsuccessfully                     attempted to &#8221; kick&#8221; their habits so many times that they                     have given up struggling with their own personalities.<\/p>\n<p>But usually they have tried to do it alone, forgetting that                     they have become expert at fooling themselves &#8211; at rationalizing                     their behaviour and finding excuses for persisting in it.                     We all make our own worst role models, whereas support groups                     provide living examples of deeply troubled souls who have                     succeeded in remodelling their personalities.<\/p>\n<p>It is part of their continuing therapy to help others do                     the same. One of the tenets of self-help for addicts is that                     addictions are never conquered, merely arrested. Like the                     stockbroker co-founder of AA, many addicts find that the best                     way to avert a relapse is to work with others in attempting                     to deal with their common plight.<\/p>\n<h3>Being called upon to support others may bring out hidden strengths<\/h3>\n<p>The dynamics of support groups confirm the saying that you                     can&#8217;t help another person without helping yourself. In the                     exchange of experiences, feelings and practical techniques                     for getting along in life, every helper becomes a &#8220;helpee.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>New members meet people they can honestly respect; not case                     studies in a textbook or metaphorical figures in a sermon,                     but living human beings who &#8220;know what they&#8217;re talking about,&#8221;                     who have &#8220;been there. &#8221; This empathy goes a long way towards                     making support groups work, particularly among those who initially                     had their doubts about joining. When they see individuals                     like themselves who are living normally and enjoying it, they                     realize that the problems that have dragged them down are                     not insoluble for anyone.<\/p>\n<p>In the process of give and take, people who had lost their                     self- respect because of the degrading nature of their habits                     can regain it. Men and women who have come to think of themselves                     as spineless may discover untapped sources of spiritual strength                     when they are called upon to support others. In extremely                     damaging cases of addiction, a loss of self-respect is half                     the problem. When participation in a group helps to bring                     it back, half the battle is won.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The people who influence you are the people who believe                     in you,&#8221; the Scottish writer and lecturer Henry Drummond wrote.                     Confidence in every person&#8217;s inner strength is the philosophical                     backbone of any support group. Of course, not everybody follows                     a program through to success; in Alcoholics Anonymous, for                     example, roughly one-third never drink again, one-third lapse                     and later resume the program, and one-third resume drinking                     permanently. But the failure rate does not contradict the                     concept. The concept is that, though not everybody changes,                     everybody has the latent capacity for change.<\/p>\n<p>At the stage in their lives when people resort to joining                     addiction- based groups, they are usually in fairly desperate                     condition. Even at that, addicts will sometimes relapse into                     their addictive habits several times before they shed them                     for good. It is common practice in traditional self-help programs                     for members to &#8220;hit bottom&#8221; before they finally recover. But                     lately the movement has entered a new phase in which the healing                     power of mutual support is being extended to individuals who                     have not lost control over their lives, but who nonetheless                     need support.<\/p>\n<p>In the past few years, literally hundreds of new groups                     have sprung up in North America and Western Europe. They form                     a distinctly late- century phenomenon which owes much to urbanization                     and advanced technology. Through modern communications equipment                     and access to the media, people with mutual problems are able                     to arrange meetings and keep in touch with one another in                     ways that were impossible a few years ago. Telephones, faxes,                     answering machines, electronic billboards and the like have                     enabled people with unusual problems to seek each other out.<\/p>\n<p>An example is alopecia areata, the total loss of hair. Men,                     women and children who felt they were alone in having to live                     with this condition now find comfort and confidence in groups                     that include spouses and parents besides themselves.<\/p>\n<p>While a variety of physical problems are being dealt with                     by recently-formed groups, family disorders continue to figure                     prominently in the list of those concerned with psychology.                     Adults who have never been able to get over the distress of                     growing up in dysfunctional families have joined together                     in groups like Adult Prisoners of Childhood Anonymous and                     Healing the Inner Child. There are groups for the spouses                     and children of the mentally ill, for victims of family sexual                     and physical abuse, for violent parents, and for the parents                     of difficult children. There are groups for spouses suffering                     bereavement, and for the families of people who have committed                     suicide.<\/p>\n<p>Usually the first thing anyone learns after joining such                     groups is that there are a great many others in the same situation.                     This helps to answer the poignant question, &#8220;Why me?&#8221; For                     example, the parents of teenagers who have committed suicide                     feel less singled out for tragedy when they sit down with                     others who have suffered through the same trauma. They are                     able to discuss their feelings of failure, shame and guilt                     in a way which they could not do among friends and neighbours,                     who are prone to pretend that nothing happened. Among themselves,                     the parents are able to talk about &#8220;the things we don&#8217;t talk                     about.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In western cultures the leading taboo subject is death,                     especially when it comes to talking to people who are expressly                     threatened by it. The support group has proved to be an ideal                     vehicle for coming to terms with the mental turmoil, fear                     and alienation of conditions like cancer and AIDS. Not only                     can fellow-sufferers lend comfort and moral support to each                     other, they can gather practical information on the medical                     aspects of their diseases. Cancer patients trade notes on                     the side-effects of various treatments, and the AIDS and HIV-positive                     groups act as clearing houses for new information concerning                     AIDS.<\/p>\n<h3>Do new groups encourage recruits to find reasons                   for self- pity?<\/h3>\n<p>The pragmatic functions of support groups should not be                     discounted. When, for example, a group was established in                     Toronto for recently widowed men, home economists were invited                     in to offer tips on how to prepare meals and do housework,                     things some members had never done before. Groups for the                     hearing-impaired conduct workshops in lip reading and sign                     language. Those devoted to obsessive- compulsive disorders                     combine behaviour therapy with experimental medication. When                     support group members with respiratory ailments meet, they                     take physical exercises to help them breathe more easily.<\/p>\n<p>Though groups such as these are only too glad to have professionals                     around to lend them their expertise, there is an anti-professional                     element in the self-help movement. In fact, some groups have                     grown directly out of dissatisfaction with the professional                     care offered in their fields. There are those who accuse the                     medical and social work professions of a lack of both imagination                     and sympathy in dealing with their particular interests. Some                     maintain that no one who has not suffered as they have is                     in any position to help people like them.<\/p>\n<p>The answer to that from the professional point of view is                     that you don&#8217;t have to have appendicitis to treat appendicitis.                     Following this line of reasoning, many doctors are less than                     enthusiastic about self-help groups. Some psychiatrists see                     them as purveying a kind of psychological self-medication                     through which people seek to escape from their problems rather                     than work on the resolution of them. Professionals also express                     concern that participants with truly serious problems may                     not obtain the expert assistance they need because they are                     using self-help as a substitute for formal care, rather than                     as a supplement.<\/p>\n<p>Critics of the movement say that some groups have been formed                     to deal with ridiculously trivial complaints which were formerly                     ranked among the normal tribulations of living. In this way,                     the critics charge, they encourage people to search for reasons                     for feeling sorry for themselves.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"quote\">Addressing the spiritual aspects of psychological and medical ills<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The movement does seem to have spawned a few &#8220;groupies&#8221;                     who flit from one group to the next, but they may merely be                     attracted by the socialization that inevitably arises. Support                     groups are not totally consumed by expressions of angst; laughter                     has a large and healthy role to play when people talk about                     their common woes. They have their dances, their pot-luck                     suppers, their birthday cakes. The kind of conditions that                     call for the formation of support groups often condemn their                     sufferers to painful loneliness. Enjoying themselves among                     kindred spirits may give them the confidence to resume more                     normal social lives.<\/p>\n<p>The aims of support groups vary far and wide, but they all                     have one thing in common: they mobilize the wonderful psychic                     power of human sympathy. It is the rare paid professional                     who can be expected to drop by a person&#8217;s home, have a cup                     of coffee and a heart-to-heart talk, and leave with a word                     of encouragement and a hug. Support group members do that.                     The type of therapy they offer cannot be duplicated by scientific                     methods. There is no substitute for personal concern and warmth.<\/p>\n<p>In broad social terms, the support group is an idea whose                     time has come. In a society of urban strangers, it provides                     precious opportunities to reach out and touch others in a                     special way. In addition, campaigns to reduce government deficits                     have brought drastic spending cuts in the medical and social                     welfare systems, so that less professional help is available                     than formerly. The resources that remain clearly should be                     husbanded for those who need them most.<\/p>\n<p>The do-it-yourself approach is ideally suited to the age                     of public austerity. Instead of the expensive facilities provided                     in the public sector, all you need to start a support group                     is a room and a coffee pot.<\/p>\n<p>No reasonable person in the movement would contend that                     support groups can take the place of the established medical                     or social service system. Still, they have proved to be a                     valuable adjunct to an institutional system which, for all                     its sophistication, is often ill-equipped to cope with the                     spiritual dimensions of psychological and medical ills. Support                     groups bring to bear on human problems the spiritual values                     of faith, hope and charity. And whenever these virtues have                     been applied to the human condition, they have never failed                     to have a healing effect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[80],"class_list":["post-4009","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-80"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 74 No. 3 - May\/June 1993 - A Room and a Coffee Pot - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-74-no-3-may-june-1993-a-room-and-a-coffee-pot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 74 No. 3 - May\/June 1993 - A Room and a Coffee Pot - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Support groups have been springing up everywhere lately to strengthen people&#8217;s ability to cope with personal problems. 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They activate the healing power of faith, hope, and charity. 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