{"id":4007,"date":"1991-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1991-05-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-72-no-3-may-june-1991-the-way-of-advice\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:25:53","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:25:53","slug":"vol-72-no-3-may-june-1991-the-way-of-advice","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-72-no-3-may-june-1991-the-way-of-advice\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 72 No. 3 &#8211; May\/June 1991 &#8211; The Way of Advice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">If people were only as fond of accepting                     advice as they are of dispensing it, the world could make                     greater use of its reserves of knowledge and ability. Here                     we consider the taking and giving of advice, both of which                     require thought and skill &#8230;<\/p>\n<p> Of the many good reasons why people should make a habit                     of seeking advice, the best is that nobody is infallible.                     As the great Elizabethan playwright Ben Jonson wrote, &#8220;No                     man is so wise that he may not easily err if he takes no other                     counsel but his own.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>From sages in ancient temples to consultants in modern office                     towers , the message has been handed down through the centuries                     that advice is essential to both individual and group endeavours.                     The Bible has much to say in support of giving and taking                     counsel. &#8220;A word spoken in due season, how good is it!&#8221; the                     Book of Proverbs exclaims.<\/p>\n<p>But though the wisdom of the ages is unanimously agreed                     as to the desirability of advice, it has always taken note                     of the maddening reluctance of people to follow it. Sounding                     for all the world like a mother reproaching her teenaged son,                     The Book of Isaiah complains to the unrighteous, &#8220;your ears                     are wide open but nothing is heard.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to advice, the mass of people clearly subscribe                     to the biblical doctrine that it is more blessed to give than                     to receive. In fact, as the worldly French philosopher Duc                     de la Rochefoucauld observed, there is nothing people will                     give more lavishly. The sheer volume of advice, and the ease                     with which it can be thought up, is one of the chief reasons                     why it is often not taken seriously enough.<\/p>\n<p>In his poem <em> Tam o&#8217;Shanter <\/em> Robert Burns presents                     a sardonic image of wives&#8217; &#8220;counsels sweet&#8221; and &#8220;sage advices&#8221;                     falling on the deaf ears of husbands. And it is true that                     much of the &#8220;advice&#8221; routinely dished out in households runs                     the risk of being treated as mere background noise.<\/p>\n<p>This is especially so where young people are concerned.                     It is ironic that people are most exposed to good counsel                     at a time of life when they are least-inclined psychologically                     to take advantage of it. Adolescents who are constantly being                     exhorted to &#8220;listen to me&#8221; are apt to regard parental guidance                     as part of an adult conspiracy against their age group.<\/p>\n<p>Their disinclination to listen to the voices of maturity                     is based on the delusion that the advice of their elders is                     obsolete. Everything has changed since these older people                     were in their formative years, so that whatever they have                     to say is irrelevant &#8211; or so it seems. Generation after generation,                     the story is the same; youths have no way of knowing how little                     the fundamental elements of human happiness and misery have                     altered beneath the shifting surface of fashion and trends.<\/p>\n<p>But &#8220;the best substitute for experience is being 18,&#8221; and                     in many cases there is nothing to be done but wait until actual                     experience comes forth to teach its harsh lessons. It is unfortunate                     that nature has arranged it so that young people must learn                     from their own mistakes, instead of those of others who have                     gone before them and are only too glad to point out the pitfalls.                     But as Benjamin Franklin declared, &#8220;we can give <em> advice<\/em>                     , but we cannot give <em> conduct<\/em> . Remember this: they                     that will not be counselled cannot be helped.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It must noted that not all advice consists of pure reason,                     and that not all of the sensible courses of action so sagely                     recommended to young persons are suited to their circumstances                     and personalities. What is good guidance for the majority                     may be very bad for some.<\/p>\n<p>As a general rule, however, it is unwise to reject any advice                     without first considering it carefully. If, as the saying                     goes, advice costs nothing to give, it also costs nothing                     to take into account.<\/p>\n<p>These days, indeed, it might be deemed almost a luxury to                     have access to well-meaning advice, whether or not you act                     on it. There was a time in Canadian society when an ordinary                     person faced with an important decision would automatically                     have a number of experienced people to turn to &#8211; parents and                     grandparents, aunts and uncles, neighbours, teachers, clergymen,                     etc. Now, in the state of isolation that accompanies mobility                     and urbanization, many people may have no one close to them                     to help them make up their minds.<\/p>\n<p>It is particularly worth listening with deference to what                     older people have to say, on the reasonable premise that advances                     in age bring advances in understanding. De Rochefoucauld speculated                     that &#8221; old people like to give good advice, as solace for                     no longer being able to provide bad examples.&#8221; Be that as                     it may, people do tend to have more knowledge of the world                     and to grow more thoughtful the older they get.<\/p>\n<p>No doubt a bad example can detract from the effectiveness                     of good advice. If he genuinely wants his patients to do what                     he recommends , a doctor who promotes a spartan diet should                     not let them see him gorging himself in a restaurant.<\/p>\n<h3>Though we should never flatly reject advice, we should sometimes be wary of advisors<\/h3>\n<p>On the other hand, it could be said that the worst (or formerly                     worst) people make the best advisors, if only because they                     bring a certain expertise to bear on a subject. A cloistered                     saint cannot be of much help on the details of what to watch                     out for in the way of temptation. The numerous mutual-support                     groups that have grown out of Alcoholics Anonymous realize                     that those who have fallen and picked themselves up are in                     a better position to assist in the rehabilitation of others                     than those who have never slipped.<\/p>\n<p>Support groups composed of individuals who face more or                     less the same problems in life have proved to be an especially                     valuable source of guidance on practical matters, in addition                     to providing mutual sympathy. The difficulty in persuading                     people to seek help from them or other sources of counselling                     illustrates the more general difficulty in getting people                     to act on advice of any kind.<\/p>\n<p>Some seem to think that to turn to others for guidance is                     a sign of insufficient self-reliance, whereas it is really                     only sensible self- reliance to get all the backup you can                     muster. The Toronto management consultant William Nolan is                     an advocate of what he calls the &#8220;advice call,&#8221; in which people                     confronted with career decisions call on successful role models                     and ask their advice about their professional situations.                     &#8220;The advice call has worked for thousands of people in many                     fields&#8221; in grappling with career decisions, Nolan says.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"quote\">Many friendships have ended when a little friendly advice has been too close to the bone<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One of the advantages of actively soliciting advice is that                     that you &#8211; not the person giving it &#8211; are in control of the                     process. You can weigh and sift through the recommendations,                     accepting and rejecting which parts are appropriate to you.                     You can canvass different viewpoints in the hope of being                     exposed to new perspectives on the situation you face.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, this does not apply to unsolicited advice, which                     is why many thinking persons are suspicious, if not exactly                     of advice, then of advisors. Part of this wariness arises                     from the fact that the advisor is in a position of psychological                     superiority over the &#8221; advisee.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Some advisors glory in the opportunity to demonstrate how                     much brighter and generally better they are than their auditors.                     As Dr. Samuel Johnson observed, people will sometimes reject                     counsel given in this spirit even when it may be to their                     advantage: &#8220;Vanity is so frequently the apparent motive of                     advice that we, for the most part, summon our powers to oppose                     it without any very accurate inquiry whether it is right.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Certainly much advice carries a whiff of patronization which                     makes it difficult for a sensitive person to accept cheerfully.                     For instance, prosperous people are in the habit of making                     helpful suggestions to the poor, such as &#8220;why don&#8217;t you get                     a job that pays more?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Unsolicited counsel always stands to be despised, which                     is why a Spanish proverb holds that you should never give                     advice unless you are asked for it. Though it is usually well-intentioned                     enough, at least one form of it should be regarded watchfully.                     This is advice which contains a discernible degree of flattery.                     It has been shrewdly said that &#8220;when men abuse us, we should                     suspect ourselves, and when they praise us, them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Flattery is a fairly reliable indicator that someone is                     &#8220;advising&#8221; you to do something that is to his or her own advantage.                     Behind the reassuring face of a person whose only apparent                     concern is your welfare, a conflict of interest may lurk.                     Of course, some people who call themselves counsellors make                     no bones about being out to sell you something. If they truly                     believe in their product, they can advise you to buy it with                     all the honesty in the world.<\/p>\n<p>The more powerful or prosperous your position, the more                     self- serving advice you are likely to come in for. In his                     examination of men in high places, Francis Bacon noted that                     it is rare for them to receive counsel that is not bent to                     the giver&#8217;s personal purposes, &#8221; except it be from a perfect                     and entire friend&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Many the friendship has in fact been terminated when a little                     friendly advice has been <em> too <\/em> direct, and thus touched                     the nerve-ends of truth about a person&#8217;s shortcomings. George                     Canning once made light of such situations in a little poem:                     &#8220;Give me the avowed, the erect, the manly foe\/ bold I can                     meet, perhaps turn his blow!\/ But of all plagues, good Heavens,                     thy wrath can send,\/ save, save, oh save me from the <em>                     candid friend<\/em> .&#8221; Nevertheless, if their friendship is                     to qualify as solid and true, friends are positively obliged                     to treat one another with frankness. It is only sensible to                     have friends whose honest opinions you can ask for on matters                     so personal that your vision is likely to be distorted by                     your own self-love.<\/p>\n<p>Referring to the judgment of friends is one way of avoiding                     the perils of having your own judgment stuck in the rut of                     your personality, with all its inherent prejudices. In fact,                     contrasting personality types can form creative and productive                     relationships by trading their peculiar insights &#8211; the believer                     and the sceptic, the optimist and the pessimist, the individualist                     and the participator.<\/p>\n<p>In de Rochefoucauld&#8217;s opinion, &#8220;it takes nearly as much                     ability to know how to profit from good advice as to know                     how to act oneself.&#8221; Can that ability be cultivated? Is there                     an art or science to the taking and assimilation of advice?<\/p>\n<p>Though there are no real rules, a few logical guidelines                     might help us get the best out of advisors. Such as:<\/p>\n<p>Never ask only one person for an opinion on a situation.                     Ask several . In this way you can cover a range of considerations,                     some of which might otherwise have been overlooked, when you                     make up your mind.<\/p>\n<p>Be critical. Don&#8217;t accept advice holus-bolus. There is a                     story in management consulting circles about a chief executive                     officer who implemented a consultant&#8217;s report down to the                     last detail. Far from being pleased with this, the consultants                     were stunned; they had expected him to make changes to their                     plan to fit the detailed circumstances. The result of his                     uncritical acceptance of their recommendations was a mess.<\/p>\n<p>Literally <em> listen <\/em> to advice to make sure you have                     understood precisely what was said. Hear your advisor out                     without interruption . When he or she is finished, ask questions                     to bring out points that may have been passed by. At the end                     of the discussion, restate the conclusion in your own words                     to make sure that the meaning you gathered was actually what                     was meant.<\/p>\n<p>Try not to be defensive if the advice contains criticism                     of you or the way you do things. Don&#8217;t seek to find personal                     fault with the advisor to disqualify him or her as a judge.                     Don&#8217;t be flippant, don&#8217;t argue, and don&#8217;t try to change the                     subject to avoid a disagreeable message. Don&#8217;t be paranoid                     in the face of criticism, looking for a hidden agenda on your                     critic&#8217;s part.<\/p>\n<p>Since advice usually concentrates how things might be changed,                     an element of criticism of the way things stand at present                     is almost inevitable. Advice that is devoid of criticism of                     any kind is often not really advice at all. It is merely what                     comes of people asking for advice when all they actually want                     is approval. Their minds are made up as to their course of                     action, but if there are negative repercussions, they can                     always point to the fact that they consulted with someone                     before they went ahead.<\/p>\n<p>It takes real character not to be satisfied with the charitable                     opinion that nothing much needs to be changed and to insist                     on a more rigorous assessment of a question. Even more character                     is required to reject the easy way out when you are in the                     position of having to give advice.<\/p>\n<p>In cases where painful adjustments of behaviour are called                     for, it is tempting to obviate unpleasantness by recommending                     that little or nothing be changed, even though you know in                     your heart that changes would be in the subject&#8217;s best interests                     in the long run.<\/p>\n<p>The manner of giving advice is almost as important to its                     effectiveness as the advice given. Before you even start to                     dispense it, you should examine your own attitude, to wit:<\/p>\n<p>How do feel about the problem? Do you have any fixed prejudice                     regarding the general subject that might colour your judgment                     on the specific case before you?<\/p>\n<p>How do you feel, period? What sort of mood are you in: Depressed                     or happy? Is life going swimmingly for you, or are you in                     the grip of an emotional crisis? Try to compensate for these                     factors when you form your advice.<\/p>\n<p>What is your personal feeling towards the person you are                     about to advise? Do you especially like him or her, or the                     opposite? If you like certain people, you may be inclined                     to be too easy on them, shielding them from disagreeable realities                     they should rightly be made aware of. If you do not like them,                     you may be overly hard on them, coming down with a sledge                     hammer on minor faults that really don&#8217;t need to be changed.<\/p>\n<p>All this, of course, refers to what might be called general                     advice of the kind that is passed around informally among                     friends, acquaintances, and family members. There is a categorical                     difference between it and expert advice by people who are                     in the position of giving it because they know things most                     people do not know.<\/p>\n<p>We often solicit the advice of such experts on our own account                     &#8211; lawyers, accountants, decorators, and, if we are unfortunate                     enough to need them, marriage or other types of personal counsellors.                     Businesses and governments employ a variety of expert consultants                     all the time.<\/p>\n<p>Apart from ascertaining that they really do know what they                     are talking about, the prime requirement for dealing with                     consultants is to be sure that you understand what they are                     saying. If there is a misunderstanding as to what they are                     recommending, large sums in fees could go down the drain.                     Consultants are notorious for using jargon, euphemisms, evasions                     and other gobbledegook, so it is especially important to pin                     them down as to their meaning. In dealings with them, the                     rules of good listening must be assiduously applied: hear                     them out carefully, question any statement that may be unclear,                     and confirm the meaning of everything that is said by restating                     it in your own words.<\/p>\n<p>Capital cities seem to contain more and more advisors with                     every passing month. Not only are they legion in the bureaucracy,                     but they form phalanxes around the politicians. When you match                     the number of &#8220;spin doctors&#8221; and &#8220;mavens&#8221; on the political                     scene with the number of political and policy blunders made,                     you can see that not all counsel is wise counsel by any means.<\/p>\n<p>It may be, however, that where politicians and policy-makers                     go wrong is by listening to <em> too much <\/em> advice, especially                     of the cautious kind, so that what began as clear-cut policies                     are compromised into a state of confusion or uselessness.                     With power hanging in the balance, political advisors are                     prone to be more concerned with what is expedient than with                     what is right.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In a multitude of counsellors there is safety,&#8221; the Book                     of Proverbs says, and in a way this applies to politics. When                     politicians are unwilling to tackle a sensitive issue, they                     send for someone to study it in the hope that, by the time                     the task force or commission is ready to make its recommendations,                     the problem will have faded away. By continually calling for                     advice as to whether to act on prior advice, action can be                     postponed indefinitely. Like some individuals, governments                     will also try out one advisor after another until they finally                     find someone willing to say what they want to hear.<\/p>\n<p>The same tactics are also employed by managers in business                     who are afraid of making substantive changes. An ideal way                     to keep an issue from popping up to spoil a comfortable way                     of life is to smother it with studies; with any luck, you                     can study it to death.<\/p>\n<p>But the fact that recourse to advice is sometimes abused                     should take nothing away from the value of the advisory process.                     Advice is a great generator of synergism, the interaction                     of efforts in such a way that the total effect is much greater                     than the sum of the efforts had they been made independently.                     The great political philosopher Edmund Burke was impressed                     by the &#8220;multiplier effect&#8221; of advice: &#8220;He who calls in the                     aid of an equal understanding doubles his own; and he who                     profits by superior understanding raises his powers to a level                     with the heights of the superior understanding he unites with.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It would therefore seem self-defeating not to search out                     good advice wherever possible. Why would anybody not want                     to? Burke&#8217;s contemporary, the distinguished English preacher                     John Balguy, found the answer to that in the sin of vanity:                     &#8220;Whoever is wise is apt to suspect and be diffident of himself,                     and upon that account is willing to hearken unto counsel;                     whereas the foolish man, being, in proportion to his folly,                     full of himself, and swallowed up in conceit, will seldom                     take any counsel but his own, and for the very reason that                     it is his own.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[78],"class_list":["post-4007","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-78"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 72 No. 3 - May\/June 1991 - The Way of Advice - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-72-no-3-may-june-1991-the-way-of-advice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 72 No. 3 - May\/June 1991 - The Way of Advice - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If people were only as fond of accepting advice as they are of dispensing it, the world could make greater use of its reserves of knowledge and ability. 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