{"id":4003,"date":"1987-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1987-05-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:37:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:37:27","slug":"vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 68, No. 6 &#8211; May\/June 1987 &#8211; The Functions of Formality"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">To act formally is to behave according to                     custom or rule, and we do that more than we realize. Formality                     serves people well. It signals what is important, and makes                     for order and dignity. As a bonus, it is a source of pleasure                     from time to time&#8230;<\/p>\n<p> It is the evening of a concert in a Canadian city. The audience                     streams into the hall in all manner of dress, from mink stoles                     to tattered jeans. But when the symphony orchestra takes the                     stage, the players are dressed uniformly &#8211; the men in black                     coats, the women in black evening gowns. The conductor walks                     to the podium in white tie and tails.<\/p>\n<p>The scene makes an interesting illustration of the evolution                     of formality. At one time, most of the audience would have                     been in formal dress too. But as social habits grew more relaxed                     over the years, the custom of dressing for concerts was pretty                     well abandoned. Concert-going was no longer confined to an                     affluent elite, and the average music-lover could not afford                     it. In any case, it did not matter a bit what the audience                     wore.<\/p>\n<p>What the orchestra wore, on the other hand, <em>did <\/em>matter.                     An experiment in England a few years ago in having symphonic                     musicians appear at performances in street clothes left audiences                     upset. They felt that it affected the quality &#8211; and especially                     the co-ordination &#8211; of the playing. So the line was drawn:                     the orchestra observes the formality of dressing for a concert,                     while the audience does not.<\/p>\n<p>People have been trying to draw just such lines between                     which formalities to discard and which to maintain for many                     years, particularly in the relatively open society that exists                     in Canada. Popular sentiment in this country has always leaned                     towards dispensing with needless punctilio.<\/p>\n<p>This is entirely within the tradition of a fairly young                     nation largely populated by people whose origins are in countries                     with an active class system. Formality has been used for many                     centuries by the dominant classes in older societies as a                     device to keep the less-privileged in their places &#8211; specifically,                     away from the sources of wealth and power.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, however, Canada is a former British colony                     to which many British institutions and customs have been transplanted.                     With these came a degree of formality not generally found                     in the United States. While pioneer Canadians chuckled at                     newly-arrived Britons who stood on ceremony, dressing for                     dinner in log huts and the like, they nonetheless deferred                     to many of the formalities attached to old country traditions.                     But as the imperial connection unravelled over this century,                     Canadian social habits drew increasingly closer to freer and                     easier American ways.<\/p>\n<p>The process sped up after World War II, which conclusively                     moved English-speaking Canadians out of the British and into                     the American sphere of influence culturally as well as politically.                     The development of suburbs around Canadian towns and cities                     brought ranch-style casualness into ranch-style homes.<\/p>\n<p>Still, a reasonable degree of formality persisted here until                     the mid-1960s, when the youth revolution which had broken                     out in the U.S. spilled over the border. With the majority                     of the North American population under the age of 30, it was                     quite naturally a time of challenge to old ideas, including                     the idea of formality.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We are witnessing a revolt against formalism, against form                     itself,&#8221; an American social anthropologist wrote in the early                     seventies. A revolt against formalism &#8211; defined as &#8220;excessive                     attention to or insistence on outward forms&#8221; &#8211; could only                     be a healthy move.<\/p>\n<p>Formalism is anti-democratic. Its practitioners use their                     knowledge of the finer points of etiquette to discriminate                     against others who do not have their social advantages. On                     a personal level, they can be very unpleasant companions.                     No less well-bred and knowledgeable an authority on manners                     than Amy Vanderbilt has written: &#8220;Some of the rudest and most                     objectionable people I have ever known have also been technically                     the most &#8216;correct.'&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>A revolt against formalism is one thing; a revolt against                     &#8220;form itself&#8221; is something else entirely. In its social context,                     &#8220;form&#8221; means a &#8220;set way of behaving according to custom or                     rule.&#8221; These days, the idea of &#8220;good form&#8221; may seem anachronistic                     and faintly laughable, raising visions of British Army colonels                     in Victorian India harrumphing: &#8220;Not good form to talk about                     ladies in the mess, what?&#8221; But in fact, form both good and                     bad is practised in relations among members of modern society                     on streets and in homes, stores, plants and offices minute-by-minute,                     day-by-day.<\/p>\n<p>If we stand aside to let someone pass ahead of us in a doorway                     or send flowers to someone who is ill, we are literally acting                     formally. The function of form in maintaining order in society                     is more vital than the law&#8217;s, because nobody can make a law                     forcing people to treat one another decently.<\/p>\n<p>That there was a revolt against &#8220;form itself&#8221; during the                     heady freedom trip of the past 25 years is undeniable. It                     spread far from the hippies, political protesters and pop                     musicians who launched it to the public at large. For example,                     it was once the worst of form to use obscene language in mixed                     company. Then, sometime in the late sixties, words that were                     never uttered in polite circles before were suddenly being                     bandied about by both sexes.<\/p>\n<p>The basic social forms required a measure of self-restraint                     which was distinctly out of fashion when &#8220;do your own thing&#8221;                     and &#8220;let it all hang out&#8221; were the rallying-cries of a generation.                     The watchword of the period was &#8220;why?&#8221; &#8211; why refrain from                     using certain words, in this case? Why should a student address                     a teacher as &#8220;Sir&#8221; or &#8220;Mrs. So-and-So?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>These are difficult questions to answer, since so many minor                     formalities have no evident meaning. The best justification                     for them was perhaps expressed by August Hare, an English                     preacher in the 19th century: &#8220;Of what use are forms, seeing                     that at times they are empty? Of the same use as barrels,                     which, at times, are empty too&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It may seem a long way from following standard social forms                     like saying &#8220;please&#8221; and &#8220;thank you&#8221; to our mental picture                     of what constitutes formality. The word automatically evokes                     visions of ladies in evening gowns and men dressed up like                     swallows going through their paces at a glittering ball.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, in dress as in many other things, we act more formally                     in the sense of &#8220;behaving according to custom or rule&#8221; than                     we are conscious of doing. We have certain clothes for work,                     certain clothes for various sports, certain clothes for social                     occasions, whether a dinner party or a barbeque. A businessman                     who puts on a jacket and tie to go to the office is, by definition,                     being formal. The difference between a Canadian professional                     woman who wears a jogging suit to run around the park and                     a European nobleman who dons a morning coat and top hat to                     attend the races is not one of kind, but of expense.<\/p>\n<h3>Ceremony is never more useful than when                   dealing with grief<\/h3>\n<p>In bowing to custom in our comportment, we are essentially                     bowing to the sensibilities of those around us. A man might                     be unconventional enough to show up in church on a hot Sunday                     morning in nothing but a pair of swimming trunks. He might                     even feel comfortable in doing so; but if <em>he <\/em>is comfortable,                     he can depend on it that the elderly lady in the pew next                     to him is not.<\/p>\n<p>All the little formal gestures we make, like sending greeting                     cards or providing a cake for a child&#8217;s birthday, are similarly                     based on deference towards the feelings of others. They show                     that we are not thinking only of ourselves. They confirm our                     membership in society.<\/p>\n<p>The relationship between the individual and the society                     is at the base of the ceremonies which we more commonly associate                     with formality. In fact, the very first ceremony most of us                     attend is designed to introduce us into society, or at least                     our section of it. This takes the form of baptism among Christians                     and similar initiation rituals in other religions. The ceremony                     brings us into a wider circle than our immediate family, and                     gives us an identity as a member of a group.<\/p>\n<p>Formality thus begins in the cradle and ends in the grave.                     Funerals, too, concentrate on the place of the individual                     in the society. They are usually attended by members of the                     group or groups to which the deceased belonged. The presence                     of these outside mourners lends support and comfort to the                     immediate survivors. It reassures them that they are not alone                     in their grief.<\/p>\n<p>Traditional forms are never more usefully applied than when                     there is a death in a family. The formula of the burial rites                     helps to give the survivors a sense of continuity &#8211; of life                     going on &#8211; at a time of terrible disruption in their own lives.                     The measured solemnity of the services places due weight on                     the significance of what has happened. It carries what Marcus                     Aurelius called &#8220;proper dignity and proportion.&#8221; It is proportionate                     to the fact that something of unique importance &#8211; a human                     life &#8211; has passed through this world.<\/p>\n<p>This touches on one of the prime purposes of formality,                     which is to put a stamp on the things that really are important.                     We can see this in weddings, which also pertain to membership                     in society. Whether or not many guests are present, there                     always must be formal witnesses to the event, which signifies                     that a marriage is the concern of the community, and not just                     of the two principals. The dignity of the ceremony underscores                     the point that the joining together of two futures is not                     to be taken lightly, though formality goes on to play a role                     as an aid to rejoicing in the ensuing festivities.<\/p>\n<h3>Forms command respect for the things that deserve it<\/h3>\n<p>A further use for formality is to give substance to commitments.                     When a man and woman become engaged, tentative promises are                     exchanged. But only when they formally make their marriage                     vows and sign the registry do these promises become legally                     binding. Whenever agreements which are meant to last are made,                     formality comes into play with the aim of ensuring that promises                     are kept.<\/p>\n<p>The law is formal because it needs to be. If every party                     to a legal action were to proceed according to his or her                     interpretation of it, chaos would reign. When the law moves                     off paper and into the courtroom, formality takes on a more                     general reason for being. The strict decorum that prevails                     in court ensures that the rule of law in our system is treated                     with deference. The charge of &#8220;contempt of court&#8221; has firm                     philosophical underpinnings. It is a means of enforcing respect                     for the principles of justice to which our society subscribes.<\/p>\n<p>Much the same holds true of the forms observed in Parliament                     and other legislative bodies. Parliament symbolizes our democratic                     ideals. The ancient rituals carried out within its walls proclaim                     the permanence of those ideals, which are translated in practice                     into our cherished rights and freedoms. Parliamentary ceremonies                     make the statement that the institution itself is immeasurably                     more important than the members who occupy it. The forms compel                     them to regard it with a certain awe.<\/p>\n<p>From a practical point of view, formality works to maintain                     order in the Parliamentary chambers. Without such customs                     as requiring members to address the speaker and not one another,                     debates could deteriorate into brawls. Parliamentary forms                     are more than just rules, such as those that govern any other                     competitive activity. They are standards of civilized conduct                     appropriate to a body that represents a civilized political                     regime.<\/p>\n<p>The authority of the speaker in ensuring that the traditional                     civilities are observed imposes discipline on the members.                     The connection between formality and discipline is most clearly                     to be seen in the armed forces, the most formal bodies in                     our midst. The forces demand meticulous attention to the correct                     forms of drills, dress, saluting, address by rank, etc. There                     is an excellent reason for this in an organization in which                     the risk of life and limb is a condition of employment. The                     seemingly meaningless drills which recruits find so onerous                     are intended to drive home the message that no one is free                     to do as he or she pleases when the vital interests of others                     are at stake.<\/p>\n<p>Service people are made to wear uniforms because, as in                     the case of the orchestra mentioned above, to allow them to                     go their own way in the matter of appearance might encourage                     them to go their own way in other matters. Uniformity in dress                     fosters uniformity in performance, and co-ordination is crucial                     in military action. Any failure to work in unison under fire                     can cost blood.<\/p>\n<p>The formalities that abound in the military are used to                     build and maintain morale, the element which, according to                     General George C. Marshall, &#8220;wins the victory.&#8221; Morale is                     almost as important in peacetime, when slackness tends to                     set in among the ranks. The badges and medals, the full-dress                     uniforms, the parades behind marching bands &#8211; all these go                     into making men and women proud of their unit. As members                     of the unit, they are accordingly proud of their comrades.                     And &#8211; this is the soul of morale &#8211; they are properly proud                     of themselves.<\/p>\n<h3>We become our &#8220;better selves&#8221; and enter into                   a better world<\/h3>\n<p>Formality acts as an outlet for self-esteem both in its                     military and civilian applications. When people present their                     best front to the world, they feel good about themselves.                     In the current season of graduation ceremonies, &#8220;proms,&#8221; weddings                     and other social occasions, formality will stimulate pride                     among families. At these events, fathers and mothers will                     say to sons and daughters, &#8220;I am proud of you,&#8221; and vice-versa.                     Much of that feeling will emanate from the smart appearance                     and gracious manners they display.<\/p>\n<p>Though they might not admit it aloud, most of them will                     get a thrill out of being part of a scene which is outside                     of their normal experience. They will enjoy being surrounded                     by the neat suits, the gorgeous dresses, the vivid corsages                     and the other glittering features of formality. This is because                     nothing comes more naturally to human beings than an attraction                     to sheen and colour. We have an almost atavistic love of spectacle,                     as witness the vast numbers of television viewers who revelled                     in the pageantry of the recent Royal wedding in Britain.<\/p>\n<p>The most spectacular time of year in North America is around                     Christmas, when people decorate their homes and places of                     business with colourful lights and the air is full of seasonal                     music. Christmas is highly formal in terms of behaving according                     to custom, though we rarely think of it as such. Christmas                     trees, cards, cakes, gifts, carols and even turkeys provide                     a traditional context in which to celebrate the good will                     and joy of the season. Without them, Christmas would be just                     another holiday.<\/p>\n<p>As we are reminded to the point of tedium over our television                     and radio sets, Christmas is &#8220;special.&#8221; And indeed, one of                     the main reasons formality exists is to mark out the special                     from the commonplace. The pressure to follow social form over                     the holidays takes us away from the workaday world whether                     we like or not, and usually we like it. At Christmas, we are                     positively obliged to drop the business of making a living                     and enjoy ourselves for a while.<\/p>\n<p>When we indulge in formality of this kind, we come in touch                     with the finer things of life, above and beyond the necessities                     of existence. To polish our shoes and our manners brings out                     our &#8220;better selves.&#8221; Our better selves enter a better world                     than the one we ordinarily inhabit. It is a world of charming                     niceties and unaccustomed luxury.<\/p>\n<p>Formality stands us in good stead in a variety of ways.                     It signals what is special and important. It brings order,                     dignity, grace and pleasure into a normally pragmatic world.                     It is one of the main means we have of demonstrating respect                     for the persons and institutions that deserve it. Not only                     that, but it provides a medium to show respect for ourselves.<\/p>\n<p>In the past couple of generations, we in this country have                     managed to dispense with some formalities that are no longer                     (and probably never were) necessary. One example is the habit                     of writing &#8220;correct&#8221; business letters that are so stilted                     that the meaning they intend to convey is unclear. For the                     most part we have made a laughing stock of the strict formalism                     which at one time permitted social snobs to assert a self-conferred                     superiority. This is partly the result of the rebellion against                     form in recent years.<\/p>\n<p>The excesses of bad form which the rebellion produced now                     seem to have gone the way of all passing fashions. The hippies                     and pseudo-hippies tried to create their own forms to replace                     the old ones, but in the end, nobody paid much attention to                     them. This indicates that if formality did not exist, we would                     have to invent it. And what we would invent would not serve                     us nearly as well as the sensible instrument we already possess.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[74],"class_list":["post-4003","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-74"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 68, No. 6 - May\/June 1987 - The Functions of Formality - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 68, No. 6 - May\/June 1987 - The Functions of Formality - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"To act formally is to behave according to custom or rule, and we do that more than we realize. 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May\/June 1987 &#8211; The Functions of Formality","url":"http:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"articleSection":"Uncategorized","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"amandeepsingh"}],"creator":["amandeepsingh"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"RBC","logo":""},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"1987-05-01T00:00:00Z","datePublished":"1987-05-01T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2022-11-27T02:37:27Z"},"rendered":"<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"wp-parsely-metadata\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"Vol. 68, No. 6 &#8211; May\\\/June 1987 &#8211; The Functions of Formality\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/about-us\\\/history\\\/letter\\\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\\\/\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.rbc.com\\\/en\\\/about-us\\\/history\\\/letter\\\/vol-68-no-6-may-june-1987-the-functions-of-formality\\\/\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"\"},\"articleSection\":\"Uncategorized\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"amandeepsingh\"}],\"creator\":[\"amandeepsingh\"],\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"RBC\",\"logo\":\"\"},\"keywords\":[],\"dateCreated\":\"1987-05-01T00:00:00Z\",\"datePublished\":\"1987-05-01T00:00:00Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-27T02:37:27Z\"}<\/script>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/rbc.com\/p.js"},"featured_img":false,"coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/author\/amandeepsingh\/","display_name":"amandeepsingh"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 39 years ago","modified":"Updated 3 years ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on May 1, 1987","modified":"Updated on November 27, 2022"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on May 1, 1987 12:00 am","modified":"Updated on November 27, 2022 2:37 am"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":{"category":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/category\/uncategorized\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Uncategorized<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Uncategorized<\/span>"],"slug":"category","name":"Categories"},"rbc_letter_theme":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"rbc_letter_theme","name":"Themes"},"rbc_letter_year":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/year\/1987\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">1987<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">1987<\/span>"],"slug":"rbc_letter_year","name":"Years"}},"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_letter\/4003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_letter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rbc_letter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/79"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_letter\/4003\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4003"},{"taxonomy":"rbc_letter_theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_letter_theme?post=4003"},{"taxonomy":"rbc_letter_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rbc_letter_year?post=4003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}