{"id":3997,"date":"1981-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1981-05-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-62-no-3-may-june-1981-the-disabled-citizen\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:57:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:57:32","slug":"vol-62-no-3-may-june-1981-the-disabled-citizen","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-62-no-3-may-june-1981-the-disabled-citizen\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 62, No. 3 &#8211; May\/June 1981 &#8211; The Disabled Citizen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">For far too long, a large proportion of                     our population has been deprived of full participation in                     society. In this UN International Year of Disabled Persons,                     it&#8217;s time for a change&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/mayjune1981_01.gif\" alt=\"image\" width=\"91\" height=\"108\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" align=\"right\"><\/p>\n<p>The figures are staggering. More than 500 million people                     around the world are either physically or mentally handicapped                     or both &#8211; nearly every ninth living human being. The ratio                     in Canada is about one in 10, despite the fact that starvation                     and disease rarely cause preventable handicaps here as they                     do in poorer countries.<\/p>\n<p>In the International Year of Disabled Persons, it is important                     for people to be aware of just how many among them must go                     through life bearing a debilitating burden. Yet if we look                     at the problem only in quantitative terms, we are in danger                     of defeating the purpose of this massive United Nations campaign.                     This is to gain &#8220;full participation and equality&#8221; for handicapped                     people. It is something that, in the final analysis, only                     their non-handicapped fellow citizens can achieve.<\/p>\n<p>Most of us these days are content to let governments and                     other large agencies deal with universal problems. And indeed,                     the United Nations and its member states this year are taking                     strong new measures to improve training, guidance, rehabilitation,                     research and prevention in the disablement field. But, as                     an Ontario government pamphlet explains it, &#8220;The success of                     1981 really depends on what happens on the community level.                     When it comes down to it, the lives of disabled people can                     only become more satisfying and productive if individuals                     take action.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The first action each of us can take is simply to review                     our attitude towards the physically and mentally disabled.                     Public attitudes are the sum of personal attitudes, and handicapped                     people will attest that the present public attitudes are anything                     but helpful to their cause.<\/p>\n<p>They point to an &#8220;attitude barrier&#8221; which blocks them off                     from participation in the social and working lives of their                     communities. The barrier has deep foundations in the way normal                     people look at the disabled as a kind of breed apart.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It is only in statistics that people are disabled in millions,&#8221;                     says Sir John Wilson, Director of the International Association                     for the Prevention of Blindness. &#8220;Each individual is disabled                     individually in his own predicament.&#8221; Because the disabled                     are regarded as a monolithic group, people are disinclined                     to recognize the individuality of every disabled man, woman                     and child.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, they attribute to them a standard set of mythical                     characteristics. Among these are that they cannot be responsible                     for themselves; that they cannot hold down jobs; that they                     prefer each other&#8217;s company; that they are incapable of normal                     personal relationships; that they need charity to get along.<\/p>\n<p>Even those who have their best interests at heart can fall                     into the habit of categorizing and stereotyping them. According                     to Rodney Carpenter, a young Canadian afflicted with cerebral                     palsy, &#8220;Parents and teachers subconsciously, and sometimes                     consciously, treat the handicapped, regardless of age, as                     a group whose members all have the same wants and desires.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The aspirations thus ascribed to them usually fall far short                     of what would be expected of a normal person. In words and                     deeds, it is impressed on them that they will never be able                     to do this or that because of their handicap.<\/p>\n<p>It is understandable that those closest to young handicapped                     people should cast themselves in the role of protectors. The                     world is cruel to the uncommon and the weak. A natural urge                     arises to spare their feelings. If their aspirations are not                     high, they stand less chance of being disappointed and hurt.<\/p>\n<p>While a certain degree of protection from the rough and                     tumble may be called for, over-protectiveness can be dangerous.                     A person who is not sufficiently exposed to society may develop                     an exaggerated fear of it, withdrawing into a sheltered and                     unfulfilling existence by associating only with his or her                     own kind.<\/p>\n<p>Regrettably enough, this fits in conveniently with the priorities                     of society. People feel more comfortable when the handicapped                     are out of sight and out of mind.<\/p>\n<p>In some countries, their seclusion gives rise to pitiful                     conditions. &#8220;Negative attitudes towards people with impairments,                     causing children to be hidden from sight, kept in dark rooms,                     deprived of stimulation and normal social contact, ostracized,                     constitute much graver disabilities than the impairments themselves,&#8221;                     <em>UNICEF News <\/em>reports.<\/p>\n<p>In western nations, the pattern has been more organized                     but only a little less heartless. As Alf Morris, Britain&#8217;s                     first Minister for the Disabled, put it: &#8220;We made prisons                     on the edge of town for people who did not meet the norms.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>At various stages in history, the handicapped have been                     perceived as public menaces (witness the hunchback Quasimodo                     in Victor Hugo&#8217;s <em>Notre Dame de Paris<\/em>), as being fit                     solely to be beggars, and as being permanently ill although                     they might be perfectly healthy apart from their disablement.                     Large numbers of physically-fit handicapped people are still                     confined in hospitals or residential institutions in Canada                     today. Mentally handicapped people are not only put in institutions,                     but in wings of mental hospitals &#8211; because, it is said, there                     is nowhere else for them to go.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8220;If you&#8217;re not like all the rest of us, to hell with you&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>Most handicapped Canadians are less drastically isolated;                     almost 90 per cent of them live in ordinary communities. But                     whether they are in their homes, schools, or sheltered workshops,                     far too many remain segregated from the able majority. Despite                     any number of remarkable exceptions, the general effect is                     that the handicapped remain hidden. Their absence from the                     social mainstream makes it easy for the majority to overlook                     their rights.<\/p>\n<p>Handicapped people are discriminated against. In a recent                     magazine article, for instance, a woman with multiple sclerosis                     described being told there were no vacancies in a succession                     of apartment buildings although the &#8220;for rent&#8221; signs were                     still on display. It is against the law in Canada to discriminate                     against anybody on the basis of their race, sex, religion,                     national origin or colour. But until recently in most provinces,                     no such specific protection has been extended to the handicapped.<\/p>\n<p>That situation is now changing, thanks partly to the attention                     focussed on their concerns by the International Year. It has                     been recognized that exceptional rights are needed for this                     exceptional class. But even when these rights are enshrined                     in law, the handicapped will make little headway if the public                     is unwilling to go along with the spirit of them. It will                     be up to the able people of the community to see that the                     handicapped enjoy the rights they deserve.<\/p>\n<p>There is no denying that, as matters stand, the handicapped                     are second-class citizens. The evidence of what a low value                     the rest of society places on them is all around. Access to                     many buildings and public transportation systems is denied                     to physically handicapped persons by escalators and doors                     that are impossible to negotiate in a wheelchair. Various                     other facilities are designed with no thought given to their                     special condition. It is almost like saying: &#8220;If you&#8217;re not                     like the rest of us, to hell with you.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Their second-class status extends to finding work. About                     2.8 per cent of the Canadian labour force is composed of handicapped                     people who are officially classified as employable, though                     the true number of the employable handicapped is probably                     higher because many have despaired of finding work and are                     not registered in the labour force. Of those who are, 50 per                     cent are unemployed, including 80 per cent of the employable                     blind and 90 per cent of employable paraplegics. The only                     explanation for these statistics is that employers believe                     that handicapped people are indifferent and unreliable workers.<\/p>\n<p>A study conducted in 1975 by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce                     reached the opposite conclusion. In it, 85 per cent of the                     employers of physically handicapped workers reported that                     their production, attendance, safety and turnover records                     were the same as or better than the rest. The quality of their                     work was at least as high as the average. The contrast between                     these findings and the unemployment figures indicates a prejudice                     against handicapped people looking for jobs.<\/p>\n<h3>Let&#8217;s re-examine the question of just who is                     inferior to                     whom<\/h3>\n<p>The prejudice against handicapped people in general is quite                     blatant. It may not be conscious, but it is not at all hard                     to see. It shows itself in ways that prejudice against any                     group always shows &#8211; in not wanting to be with them, in calling                     them names (usually behind their backs), in thoughtless jokes                     about them, in putting them down as an inferior class.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In our feelings toward the disabled we have not moved a                     great distance beyond those many generations of our ancestors                     who believed that a handicap like blindness or a limited intellect                     was God&#8217;s punishment for sin,&#8221; writes Robert Fulford, Editor                     of <em>Saturday Night <\/em>magazine. &#8220;The blind, the crippled,                     the deformed trouble us emotionally. They dismay and frighten                     us, and most of us do all we can to stay away from them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The handicapped grow wearily familiar with the symptoms                     of this state of mind &#8211; the mixture of trepidation, embarrassment                     and stiff-lipped goodwill which other people display in their                     presence. This is what the distinguished American author and                     critic Wilfrid Sheed, a polio victim, calls &#8220;being treated                     funny.&#8221; He writes: &#8220;Any affliction within reason can be gotten                     used to. Being treated funny cannot. Cripples do not, as you                     might suppose, sit around thinking, &#8216;I&#8217;m a cripple&#8217; all day.                     It takes someone to remind them &#8211; the kind of people who say,                     &#8216;I see you&#8217;ve got a new moustache,&#8217; in case you&#8217;d forgotten.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The condescension which the handicapped endure from other                     people stems from the vague feeling that if they are handicapped,                     they must be inferior. Helen Keller, the famous author and                     lecturer who was both blind and deaf, touched on the subject                     of who was inferior to whom. Shocked by the venality she encountered                     in normal circles, she wrote: &#8220;My darkness has been filled                     with the light of intelligence, and, behold, the outer day-lit                     world was stumbling and groping in social blindness.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>&#8220;If you&#8217;re not successful, your life doesn&#8217;t count&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>The whole concept of inferiority and superiority needs to                     be re-examined in any sincere effort to make full participation                     and equality possible for the handicapped. It should be clear                     that superior physical or mental ability does not make one                     person morally superior to another, and in the end it is moral                     superiority &#8211; being a good man or woman, whoever you are &#8211;                     that counts. But ours is a society in which material success                     is closely and mistakenly associated with superiority. Success                     is most likely to come, of course, to those with a high degree                     of mental and physical ability. It is a competitive society                     preoccupied with winning, whether in sports, business, or                     education. Losers are none too welcome. We like people with                     ability, people who achieve.<\/p>\n<p>The preoccupation with achievement is such that even the                     media coverage of the International Year has consisted predominantly                     of success stories. Taking nothing away from those courageous                     individuals who have overcome their handicaps to compete successfully                     in the normal world, a more valid picture might be given to                     the public if it were told about the multitude of disabled                     people who have never met with success, or come anywhere near                     it, because they have never had a chance.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;What really annoys me is this attitude many people have                     that your life doesn&#8217;t count if you don&#8217;t have a successful                     job, you&#8217;re not married or are not physically attractive.                     There&#8217;s a cheapness about the value of life that often shows                     in the way many folks treat handicapped people.&#8221; So says Joni                     Eareckson, who became a paraplegic when she broke her neck                     at the age of 18.<\/p>\n<p>Eareckson <em>is <\/em>successful in the popular sense of                     the term. Now 31, she is a best-selling author and sought-after                     public speaker. She is willing to go along with the success-oriented                     system by using her fame to draw attention to the plight of                     the physically handicapped. &#8220;Friends who are disabled look                     on me as a bridge between themselves and the able-bodied population                     who, for the most part, wouldn&#8217;t give them the time of day,&#8221;                     she told <em>Time <\/em>magazine.<\/p>\n<p>The success syndrome weighs particularly on mentally handicapped                     people, who are included among the subjects of the Year of                     Disabled Persons, although you would hardly know it from what                     you see in the media. There are few success stories to be                     written about them. They are a neglected minority within a                     minority who are unable to make their presence felt except                     through intermediaries. Yet their fundamental needs are the                     same as those of the physically handicapped or anybody else:                     the right and opportunity to live a decent, dignified life.<\/p>\n<p>It is widely agreed among experts that the answer to most                     of the problems of both the physically and mentally handicapped                     is to integrate them as far as possible into society. The                     question is: is the able population ready to take them in?                     The most that can be said on that score is that there has                     been some improvement lately in public acceptance of the handicapped                     as part of a move towards greater public acceptance of minorities                     of all kinds.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8220;A tragic waste of human potential and productivity&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>The special needs of the handicapped are gaining recognition                     from governments and the media, and enlightened corporations                     such as the Royal Bank of Canada have been trying to meet                     them. In a statement to the Bank&#8217;s annual meeting this year,                     Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Rowland C. Frazee announced                     a three-part program linked to the International Year. It                     entails sponsoring a film designed to raise public consciousness                     of the potential of the disabled, further improving accessibility                     to the Bank&#8217;s branches and offices, and further improving                     its hiring practices towards the disabled. &#8220;I think we can                     all agree that when disabled persons are prevented from making                     their full contribution to society by unnecessary physical                     and mental barriers, this constitutes a tragic waste of human                     potential and productivity,&#8221; Mr. Frazee said.<\/p>\n<p>No one will ever know how much energy, talent and ingenuity                     has been lost to our economy by failing to take advantage                     of what the handicapped have to offer. But behind the practical                     considerations lies a question of social justice in a society                     that prides itself on its humanitarian ideals. In our callousness                     towards the handicapped, we of the able majority have erected                     artificial barriers to their pursuit of happiness. It follows                     that it is our responsibility &#8211; not theirs &#8211; to bring these                     barriers down.<\/p>\n<p>So far in history, the handicapped have always been expected                     to adjust to society. The time has come for society to start                     adjusting to them. This will not be accomplished without a                     deep re-examination of our social values. It presents a test                     of how unselfish, humane and open-minded we are willing to                     be.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[68],"class_list":["post-3997","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-68"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 62, No. 3 - May\/June 1981 - The Disabled Citizen - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-62-no-3-may-june-1981-the-disabled-citizen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 62, No. 3 - May\/June 1981 - The Disabled Citizen - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For far too long, a large proportion of our population has been deprived of full participation in society. In this UN International Year of Disabled Persons, it&#8217;s time for a change&#8230; The figures are staggering. 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