{"id":3937,"date":"1962-03-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1962-03-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/march-1962-vol-43-no-3-on-writing-a-sales-letter\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T01:40:53","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T01:40:53","slug":"march-1962-vol-43-no-3-on-writing-a-sales-letter","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/march-1962-vol-43-no-3-on-writing-a-sales-letter\/","title":{"rendered":"March 1962 &#8211; VOL. 43, NO. 3 &#8211; On Writing a Sales Letter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Some people look upon the writing of sales                     letters as an occupation that demands a minimum of effort,                     but it is not so. This is one of the most difficult forms                     of selling. It is a job you have to think about.<\/p>\n<p> Writing a sales letter is as creative in its own way as                     are short story and play writing in theirs. It is, too, as                     dynamic as any other sort of salesmanship.<\/p>\n<p>Selling has not yet been reduced to a formula. Besides presenting                     a case, your sales letter needs to show sincerity, intelligence,                     integrity, good humour and genuine interest in serving the                     reader.<\/p>\n<p>To succeed in its mission, your letter must do these four                     things: get attention, arouse interest, create a desire, and                     evoke action.<\/p>\n<p>You may pique curiosity by opening with a statement of something                     new, or of something old in a new form or setting; you go                     on to show the benefit of this new thing to the reader; you                     give proof of the efficiency, durability and good value of                     the article; and you gain a response by making it easy for                     the reader to decide that he wants and can obtain this article.<\/p>\n<p>Sales letters are one evidence of the change in advertising                     technique. A sales campaign is no longer a matter of blasting                     away at random in the hope of bringing down whatever gets                     in the way. We live in an advertising world in which market                     research, copy testing, and other devices thrive. A company                     needs to know before starting a campaign the market it wishes                     to tap, the selling points which will be most effective, and                     the best method of carrying out its purpose.<\/p>\n<p>Because of its directness, flexibility, variety and economy,                     the sales letter furnishes a satisfactory medium for a great                     deal of merchandising under these circumstances. Its user                     can, so to speak, &#8220;call the shots&#8221;. He can limit his expenditure                     to a few dollars or he can spend thousands, reaching a few                     selected prospects or scores of thousands of secondary prospects.<\/p>\n<p>There are people who say that advertising by mail is unduly                     wasteful because much of it goes unread.<\/p>\n<p>This is true only when shoddy pieces of advertising literature                     and unimaginative mechanically produced letters are sent out.                     They seem to announce at once &#8220;I am not worth opening&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The growing body of evidence about mail readership and habits                     tends to show that well done sales letters win attention and                     create a climate favourable to the writers&#8217; products.<\/p>\n<p>When you write a sales letter which turns out to be particularly                     successful, you will find that you have taken these steps:                     you determined the prospect&#8217;s needs, you described goods or                     services to meet those needs, you showed that the goods or                     services do meet the needs, and you passed along your conviction                     that your company&#8217;s goods had superiorities over those of                     competitors&#8217; goods.<\/p>\n<p>Vital in this presentation is that you address the prospect                     individually and say something that is of interest to him.                     You talk with him as you would if you were face-to-face.<\/p>\n<h3>What is salesmanship?<\/h3>\n<p>Selling is your presentation of the virtues in your goods                     or services in such a way as to persuade prospective customers                     to buy your company&#8217;s products or to take some other action.                     To do this effectively your letter should be, above all, clear                     and easy to understand. It should, before trying to persuade,                     succeed in convincing the prospect of the quality and reliability                     of your goods.<\/p>\n<p>Linking the interests and desires of your prospect with                     your goods or services is a fascinating game.<\/p>\n<p>If your letter shows logically, clearly and fairly that                     the goods offered will satisfy important purposes in the prospect&#8217;s                     life or business, and if it tells convincingly about the economy                     of the purchase, then the fundamental desire that is in everyone                     to want to own, to use, and to enjoy the goods that give satisfactions                     will move your prospect to buy.<\/p>\n<p>Such a happy ending will not be reached without planning                     and thought. This is not to disparage inspiration and enterprise,                     but to say that fullest use cannot be made of sales letters                     without all four.<\/p>\n<p>In planning a sales letter it is useful to write down something                     like an armed forces appreciation of the situation. What is                     the sales proposition? What is the point of strongest interest                     to the person you are addressing? What is the purpose of your                     letter &#8211; to make an immediate sale, to introduce a salesman,                     to sharpen up a newspaper or radio or television or magazine                     series of advertisements? What facts must you tell?<\/p>\n<p>Most important of all is the question: what do I know about                     my company&#8217;s product? The more a salesman knows about what                     he is selling, the better he can shape his sales story. The                     more a salesman can show his acquaintanceship with the qualities                     and uses of his goods, the greater will be the confidence                     of the prospect in giving an order. The prospect cannot be                     expected to respect a salesman who has not enough respect                     for himself to become acquainted with the products he sells.<\/p>\n<p>This, of course, means going into the woods to scratch the                     bark of trees as well as standing off to view the forest in                     perspective. It may mean learning about the principles of                     design, construction, materials and processes.<\/p>\n<p>No amount of writing skill can make up for lack of substance.                     You may shout your opinion about your product until you are                     blue in the face without moving a prospect to buy. He is interested                     in the facts, not your opinion about the facts.<\/p>\n<p>Pertinent facts for the writer of a sales letter to uncover                     include these: How is the product used? Where is it used?                     When is it used? Why is it used? Why is it not used more than                     it is? Has it any new uses?<\/p>\n<p>This sort of knowledge does not come from scanning catalogues                     or manuals or fly-sheets. It demands knowledge of acquaintance.                     But there is more to all this than fitting one&#8217;s self to write                     authoritatively: one also learns to write interestingly. This                     can be the most delightful part of the writer&#8217;s job: to go                     out into the unknown territory of the factory or store or                     office and explore it for sales possibilities long overlooked.                     They need not be big things, but merely simple things which                     make talking points.<\/p>\n<p>Complete knowledge is not within the range of human capability.                     We do not need to imitate the poet in the story who, in order                     to describe a fractured leg had to go out and break his own                     leg. But we owe it to our quest for excellence in our letters                     that we find out everything necessary and everything possibly                     useful.<\/p>\n<p>This includes facts about competing goods and services.                     To know what the competitor supplies gives you points of comparison                     about quality, performance and cost. Comparison is the basis                     of reasoning. Had we never known joy, it would be impossible                     for us to identify sorrow as sorrow.<\/p>\n<p>If there is no essential difference between your goods and                     those of a competitor, you are driven to the use of incidental                     differences. These, though comparatively weak in argument,                     may provide you with points of appeal if you do not try to                     blow them up so as to make them seem vital.<\/p>\n<h3>Know your prospect&#8217;s wants<\/h3>\n<p>Your letter cannot be made to appear as if you were interested                     in the man you are writing to unless you make an estimate                     of his wants and interests. Frank Kingdon tells in his book                     <em>How to Master Salesmanship <\/em>about a list he saw in                     the office of a candidate for the presidential nomination.                     It gave the name of every delegate, and opposite every name                     there was a notation of the one appeal which could most effectively                     be made to him. That was thorough preparation for a big selling                     job.<\/p>\n<p>The failure of a big percentage of all sales efforts may                     be traced to the fact that the salesman started too soon to                     talk about his product without connecting it with some specific                     want or buying interest. By emphasizing the point that is                     vitally important to your reader you set the stage for your                     presentation.<\/p>\n<p>Personalize this to understand its importance. How are you                     going to appeal to a man of middle age who arrives home from                     work, shuffles through the mail, has dinner, and sits down                     in front of his television set or radio until bedtime? Surely                     not by writing about your wants or your company&#8217;s superlative                     goods. You can catch his attention only by hitting his interests.<\/p>\n<p>You are writing to help the reader, perhaps to solve a problem                     for him, or to offer a service he is likely to want. The key                     to the heart of the selling letter is this: &#8220;Why should he                     do what I am asking him to do?&#8221; Your prospect is hungry for                     facts that will enable him to do a better job or to live more                     happily: if you handle your proposition from his point of                     view in language which touches some of his motives it will                     be next to impossible for him not to find it interesting.<\/p>\n<p>It is worth reminding ourselves every once in a while that                     human desires and their satisfactions form the fundamentals                     upon which all selling methods should be based. Some things                     that people want are necessary to their survival, but they                     also want things that contribute to their comfort and enjoyment.                     Some wants are natural, like food and water, but others are                     acquired.<\/p>\n<p>It is part of your job to ferret out what primary or secondary                     wants are satisfied by your goods or services. Then you must                     describe in a winning way how the goods you offer will contribute                     to your prospect&#8217;s satisfaction.<\/p>\n<p>Persuasion is based, among other things, on knowledge of                     what makes men tick. It requires acquaintanceship with human                     instincts, which are still, in spite of our advancement in                     culture, powerful in provoking us to action.<\/p>\n<p>There may be scores of lists of the instincts and emotions,                     but most of those of importance to the writer of sales letters                     are included here: gregariousness (which includes mixing well                     with people and having social acceptance); parental bent;                     ownership; fear; housing; hunting; migration; anger; freedom;                     leadership; display.<\/p>\n<p>Can you make your product appeal to more than one of these                     instincts and to more than one of the five senses? Then you                     have a powerful tool in your hand.<\/p>\n<h3>Your sales appeal<\/h3>\n<p>Some people say &#8220;selling argument&#8221;, but &#8220;sales appeal&#8221; is                     better fitted to letter writing. Prospective customers who                     would enjoy crossing swords with you over a counter or beside                     a fireplace will not go to the bother of writing you, and                     your &#8220;sales argument&#8221; is a dud.<\/p>\n<p>The appeal should be centred on the product, and not on                     the language or style of your letter, but both language and                     style are needed to see that the product is presented desirably.                     It is through language that you appeal to rational motives                     like financial gain, economy, security, and saving time; and                     to emotional motives like pride, innovation, emulation and                     social prestige.<\/p>\n<p>Probably you will wish, in most letters, to use both forms                     of appeal. There are more and more good things coming to the                     market every year, but they get more and more alike. It is                     easy to show rational benefits, but harder to show superiorities.<\/p>\n<p>Here is where imagination becomes of paramount importance.                     Selling is not done by disputing, but by using appealing ideas.                     No man of feeble imagination ever achieved real success in                     business, and no person of feeble imagination can compose                     letters that sell. Even to think up a dull idea requires a                     superior mind.<\/p>\n<p>Imagination means recalling past experiences, emotions,                     feelings and perceptions and putting these together with a                     present situation and new facts in combinations of infinite                     variety.<\/p>\n<p>If your imagination is working at full tilt you will express                     yourself with that individuality which adds so much to the                     pulling power of a letter. You will seize upon some particular                     corner of your subject, some particular slant on it, some                     particular degree of intensity in it, and make it all seem                     quite new.<\/p>\n<p>As an illustration of imagination at work, consider the                     story of the blind beggar, told once before in these Letters.                     He found his tin cup filled and running over when he changed                     his &#8220;I am blind&#8221; sign for one reading &#8220;It is springtime and                     I am blind&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>However, imagination must be bridled by judgment and common                     sense. What you intend to be picturesque may run imperceptibly                     into the fantastical and grotesque. Reason will tell you where                     fancy treads on ground where she has no natural right.<\/p>\n<p>Imagination will enable you to think up illustrations that                     will appeal to your readers, illustrations which permit them                     to convince themselves of the truth of what you say. General                     ideas about the quality, use and merit of your product are                     important, but an example of its performance or an instance                     of user satisfaction speaks persuasively to the interested                     prospect. Case histories and experimental analyses provide                     powerful sales material. Comparing something unknown with                     something already known makes it possible for you to talk                     about the unknown. In fact, convincing by analogy is one of                     the most effective tools in selling.<\/p>\n<h3>Requirements of a letter<\/h3>\n<p>Your letter must be appropriate, accurate, dear, concise                     and complete.<\/p>\n<p>Because you do not meet your reader face-to-face,                     he will form his opinion of your firm entirely from your letter.                     You must not be careless in your use of language, in your                     perception of the reader&#8217;s needs, or in your appreciation                     of his position in life.<\/p>\n<p>Your letter must be addressed to the reader in his language,                     fitting his personality. This means the avoidance of both                     stilted style and frightening fluency. Readers will laugh                     at the stuffed shirt writer, but they shy away from polished                     phrases.<\/p>\n<p>Many pompous and high-flown letters are written that                     way because their writers are afraid to be friendly. They                     fear that they will be thought of as &#8220;phonies&#8221; who have assumed                     a disguise for the occasion. Being friendly should not raise                     this bogey. It would be a grave mistake, indeed, for any of                     us to indulge in flowery language that is foreign to our natural                     talk: but it is not a mistake at all to incorporate in our                     letters the warm, friendly, personal language that comes naturally                     to us in person-to-person social contacts.<\/p>\n<p>Being accurate means having correct information which you                     write in an honest way. A single overstatement diminishes                     the whole of your presentation, and a single carefree superlative                     has the power to destroy the object of your enthusiasm.<\/p>\n<p>People are entitled to demand of a sales letter that it                     give the best evidence about the worth of the proffered article.                     Do not, therefore, ignore qualifications or oversimplify a                     subject so as to make your letter misleading.<\/p>\n<p>Being clear means that you draw attention to your goods                     in understandable language. Once you have delved into the                     principles, and decided the features about which to write,                     then you must turn your findings into images for the ready                     understanding of your readers. Make sure by the clarity of                     your writing that what you say about your goods and services                     will be read with the meaning you intend.<\/p>\n<p>Using language adapted to the reader, and words that are                     the simplest that will carry your thought, then you need to                     present your ideas in the best order. We are not talking about                     text-book prose. That has to be attended to for the purpose                     of imparting information as accurately as possible. What the                     salesman needs is an instrument by which to modify his reader&#8217;s                     thoughts. Words are symbols, creating pictures in the reader&#8217;s                     mind, and his reaction to these pictures has immediate significance                     to the writer. If the picture conjured up by a poorly chosen                     presentation is repulsive, that gives a death-blow to                     the hope of the favourable response the writer sought.<\/p>\n<p>Business writing demands compactness. A letter should get                     down to brass tacks without being curt or incoherent. Your                     reader does not want to wade through sentences or paragraphs                     of non-essentials.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time you must not economize on words foolishly.                     You should keep your letters as short as you can, but be sure                     you cover the subject effectively. Instead of length, use                     thoughtfulness. You should not hesitate to use a non-factual                     sentence to build a bridge between facts and ideas.<\/p>\n<p>Completeness means that you tell your reader what he wants                     to know about your service or product. Imagine every reader                     to have a &#8220;show me&#8221; attitude.<\/p>\n<p>Be thorough. Informative selling will give the buyer confidence                     and increase his satisfaction. It will also reduce the returned                     goods problem of your firm.<\/p>\n<h3>Style in writing<\/h3>\n<p>Writing is an instrument for conveying ideas from one mind                     to another. Your job is to make your reader grasp your meaning                     readily and precisely. The opposite of this idea of communication                     is illustrated by the Arapesh people of New Guinea. When some                     event of importance occurs, a birth or a death, a quarrel                     of proportions, or the visit of a government patrol, there                     are drum beats from hilltop to hilltop. But all that the signals                     convey is that something has happened about which the listeners                     had better become excited. Some of our advertising is of this                     sort.<\/p>\n<p>The first requirement of style, then, is that what we write                     shall mean to the reader what it means in our minds. If we                     can achieve distinction of expression, directness, lucidity,                     dramatic quality, concreteness, and on suitable occasions                     some feeling of adventure in phrase and idea, then we do not                     need to worry about whether we have &#8220;style&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>We must be wary lest in avoiding the foggy stuff which comes                     from the use of a vague intermixture of words, current phrases,                     hackneyed terms and fashionable expressions we fall into the                     other error: that of fine writing. Dr. Samuel Johnson said                     in 1773 &#8211; and it is still one of the best rules &#8211; &#8220;Read over                     your compositions, and when you meet with a passage which                     you think is particularly fine, strike it out&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The tendency of solid business firms is away from all sorts                     of freak correspondence. They avoid devices which attract                     attention to themselves rather than to the spirit of their                     message.<\/p>\n<h3>Develop wide interests<\/h3>\n<p>The writing of sales letters is not an art to be mastered                     by meagre minds. Good letters emanate only from persons who                     can see and think beyond their own desks.<\/p>\n<p>Salesmanship and the writing of sales letters demand study                     as well as experience. Ambitious letter writers will read                     widely, not only in business and technical literature but                     in cultural subjects &#8211; philosophy, economics, biography and                     travel, among others. It pays to be well primed on topics                     of general significance, because the more you have in your                     mind, and the better things you have in your mind, the more                     likely you are to bring worthwhile fusions of ideas out of                     your mind.<\/p>\n<p>A broadminded man will have absorbed more than ideas about                     the mechanics of his job: he will have set up for himself                     a code of behaviour. The average customer is not an expert                     in the things he is buying. He doesn&#8217;t know nearly as much                     about them as the salesman does. This lays upon the salesman                     an obligation to protect the customer, and to give him, if                     possible, something better than he would, according to the                     strict letter of his contract, expect to receive.<\/p>\n<p>People do not patronize a store because it has Greek cornices                     over its windows, or because it puts advertising words together                     in more poetic periods, but because customers know that they                     get good commodities and honest service. Deed and word-what                     you offer and what you say about it- must march together                     intelligently. Whenever you draw attention to an attribute,                     define it: &#8220;Better&#8221; than what? &#8220;Newer&#8221; than what? &#8220;Faster&#8221;                     than what?<\/p>\n<h3>Checking the letter<\/h3>\n<p>Having written your sales letter, look it over with these                     questions in mind: Have I made nay points clearly? Have I                     given all the information needed? Is my letter so worded as                     to place the emphasis properly? Have I avoided withered phrases                     and dead words? Have I eliminated excess verbiage? Has my                     letter a friendly feeling in it? Does it carry conviction                     of my firm&#8217;s sincerity and the worthwhileness of what it offers?<\/p>\n<p>The answers will probably be &#8220;yes&#8221; if you have studied your                     firm, your goods, your market, and your prospects&#8217; wants,                     and then written your presentation clearly and put yourself                     into the mood of your appeal. That is constructive salesmanship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[42],"class_list":["post-3937","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-42"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>March 1962 - VOL. 43, NO. 3 - On Writing a Sales Letter - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/march-1962-vol-43-no-3-on-writing-a-sales-letter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"March 1962 - VOL. 43, NO. 3 - On Writing a Sales Letter - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Some people look upon the writing of sales letters as an occupation that demands a minimum of effort, but it is not so. 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This is one of the most difficult forms of selling. It is a job you have to think about. 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