{"id":3909,"date":"1986-03-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1986-03-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-67-no-2-march-april-1986-the-state-of-respect\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:40:40","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:40:40","slug":"vol-67-no-2-march-april-1986-the-state-of-respect","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-67-no-2-march-april-1986-the-state-of-respect\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 67, No. 2 &#8211; March\/April 1986 &#8211; The State of Respect"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">In many ways, respect among people                     is the foundation of civilized society. We need to respect                     our institutions and leaders as well. But in today&#8217;s critical                     world, they will have to earn it. And so will we all, for                     respect begins at home&#8230;<\/p>\n<p> The notion of what constitutes respect has changed radically                     since Francis Bacon wrote about it in his essays in the late                     1500&#8217;s. At that time, to have respect for persons was to discriminate                     in their favour under the influence of wealth or power. Thus                     a judge, as Bacon once was, might &#8220;respect&#8221; a nobleman by                     not prosecuting him for an offence he had committed. The injustice                     of this moved the great English philosopher and man of affairs                     to conclude: &#8220;Respect for persons is not good.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Over the years, the term assumed the more general meaning                     of deference to those of noble birth or high office. People                     automatically paid respect to those above them in social rank.                     But the fact that it was automatic does not necessarily mean                     that it was voluntary. Persons of &#8220;gentle&#8221; blood had it in                     their power to ruin underlings who were not sufficiently servile                     to them. The iron hand was always firmly inside the velvet                     glove of the class society.<\/p>\n<p>Today we have come almost full circle from the concept of                     respect prevalent in Bacon&#8217;s England &#8211; almost, but not quite,                     for the iron hand approach still lingers in some corners of                     our society. Hockey coaches are quoted on sports pages saying                     things like, &#8220;We&#8217;ve got to go out there and make them respect                     us,&#8221; meaning that they have instructed their players to try                     to intimidate the opposition. Gang bosses literally can&#8217;t                     live without what they loosely call respect. To lose it is                     to invite a sudden and bloody death at the hands of upstarts.                     To gain or keep it is, to them, ample reason to maim or murder                     other criminals who have made them &#8220;look bad&#8221; among their                     own kind.<\/p>\n<p>For the most part, however, citizens of modern democracies                     do not regard respect as something that can be demanded or                     forced out of them. No longer does it flow vertically from                     the poorer to the richer, or from the weaker to the stronger.                     Rather, it spreads horizontally throughout the society.<\/p>\n<p>It is a basic tenet of the unwritten social contract by                     which we live that all citizens possess equal rights unless                     they do something to forfeit them. It follows that all are                     entitled to have their fellow citizens respect those rights.                     Just as our system accepts that people are innocent until                     proven guilty, we informally accept that they are worthy of                     respect until they lose it. Used as a verb, the word means                     to &#8220;pay heed to&#8221; &#8211; as in paying heed to another&#8217;s feelings                     and rights.<\/p>\n<p>The idea of this underlying respect for a person&#8217;s humanity                     is eloquently expressed in Arthur Miller&#8217;s play <em>Death of                     a Salesman <\/em>by the wife of the figure in the title. She                     says: &#8220;Willie Loman never made a lot of money. His name was                     never in the paper. He&#8217;s not the finest character that ever                     lived. But he&#8217;s a human being, and a terrible thing is happening                     to him. So attention must be paid. He&#8217;s not to be allowed                     to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention                     must be paid&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Not only does respect call upon us to take heed of the interests                     of others, it also decrees that we refrain from interfering                     with them. To respect people generally is to avoid insulting                     or degrading or injuring them when they have done nothing                     to us. Without this mass accommodation, there would be no                     hope of running a heterogeneous, egalitarian society such                     as we have in Canada. The world, unfortunately, is littered                     with examples of the terrible things that happen when groups                     in a country fail to respect the human rights of other groups.<\/p>\n<p>One stage up from the basic respect for humanity is the                     kind of respect which dictionaries define as the &#8220;deferential                     esteem felt or shown towards a person of quality.&#8221; The order                     of the words indicates a reversal of priorities from the old                     days, when members of the masses were expected to bow and                     doff their caps to gentlefolk. It was then a case of demonstrating                     respect even when one did not feel it. People today do not                     go out of their way to show respect unless it is felt.<\/p>\n<p>No more does it depend on the station in life of the subject.                     We have come around to agreeing with the 19th century English                     dramatist Douglas Jerrold that &#8220;many a man who now lacks shoelaces                     would wear golden spurs if knighthood were the reward of worth.&#8221;                     All but the few snobs among us would be as quick to show respect                     to a poor widow as to a millionaire. Granted, we may feel                     &#8220;deferential esteem&#8221; for a person who has reached a certain                     status in the world through solid achievement. But respect                     can never again be taken for granted; it must be earned.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8220;I hate his guts, but I respect those                   guts&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>What do we respect in a person? Any list would have to include                     attainment, integrity, fortitude, wisdom, skill and courage.                     Above all, we respect something inexplicable called character,                     which brings together all of these traits. Perhaps the closest                     anyone has come to accurately defining character was the Scottish                     theologian Cunningham Geikie. He called it &#8220;the stamp on our                     souls of the free choices of good and evil we have made through                     life.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We may, however, have a particular regard for a part of                     a person&#8217;s character without appreciating the whole of it.                     One will often hear it said, &#8220;I don&#8217;t have much use for him                     personally, but I&#8217;ve got a lot of respect for his ability.&#8221;                     Respect requires neither affinity nor affection. A boxer once                     complimented his future opponent&#8217;s courage in a paradoxical                     style when he said: &#8220;I hate his guts, but I respect those                     guts.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There are exceptions to the rule of feeling respect before                     we show it which reach straight into the heart of our social                     system. A private soldier who salutes an officer passing by                     is according recognition to the latter&#8217;s position of responsibility                     and leadership regardless of the personal character of the                     man who wears the pips. We call the mayors of our towns and                     cities &#8220;Your Worship&#8221; no matter what we think of their ethics                     or capabilities. We might send a letter to a stranger addressing                     him as &#8220;Very Reverend Sir&#8221; in the absence of any evidence                     that he is actually worthy of our reverence. All we know is                     that civilization demands civilities.<\/p>\n<p>Such gestures amount to an unconscious acknowledgement that                     we live within a system that deserves our deference. We respect                     it because it respects us by upholding our human rights. For                     instance, we address our judges as &#8220;Your Honour&#8221; and rise                     when they enter the courtroom. In this way we do homage to                     a system of justice which &#8211; despite its occasional well-publicized                     lapses &#8211; warrants the high regard of those who live under                     it. It is instructive that when someone is cited for contempt                     of court, it is not because the accused has shown contempt                     for the person of the judge, but for the system the judge                     represents.<\/p>\n<p>Respect for institutions is the cornerstone of the social                     compliance which makes Canada a mainly orderly, law-abiding                     and peaceful country. We defer to our legal, political and                     religious establishments out of an informed civility. As Edward                     Gibbon pointed out in his <em>Decline and Fall of the Roman                     Empire<\/em>, this compliance is fundamentally pragmatic. He                     wrote that &#8220;public virtue is derived from a strong sense of                     our own interest in the preservation and prosperity of the                     free government of which we are members.&#8221; The Roman Empire,                     incidentally, began to crumble when its leaders forfeited                     the esteem of the citizenry.<\/p>\n<p>The Canadian Parliament provides an example of institutional                     respect in action. While hurling scurrilous accusations and                     thinly veiled insults across the floor, Parliamentarians are                     careful to refer to one another as honourable ladies and gentlemen                     out of regard for the hallowed precincts in which they stand.                     Anyone who follows the proceedings telecast from the House                     of Commons may find difficulty in mustering much esteem for                     the members as they raise their catcalls, drown out rival                     speakers, and thump their desks in juvenile displays of partisanship.                     Yet Canadians on the whole feel a reverence for the Parliamentary                     system and its traditions out of a realization that it is                     the core of our national heritage of justice, humanity and                     freedom. We therefore offer a blanket respect for the members,                     not on the basis of their performance or personalities, but                     of the majestic establishment to which they belong.<\/p>\n<h3>We know too much about them to be free                                       with our esteem<\/h3>\n<p>There have no doubt been many times in history when all                     dignity was abandoned on the floor of the Commons in the heat                     of political struggles. But that was before the public could                     watch the members perform their antics live and in colour.                     People once gave their respect to Parliamentarians sight unseen,                     but not any longer &#8211; not when television keeps its steely                     eye on their every move.<\/p>\n<p>The same is true of every other sector of public life; the                     people now can see what is happening. And public life now                     takes in all manner of activities that were once conducted                     behind closed doors. Businessmen, labour leaders, athletes,                     artists, entertainers and professional people all find themselves                     propelled from time to time into the spotlight. It is hard                     to keep a secret any more, and new freedom of information                     legislation will make it harder still.<\/p>\n<p>The woods of public life are full of critical snipers who                     naturally aim at the biggest targets first; and there is nothing                     dignified about a man scrambling for cover. Investigative                     journalists maintain a constant patrol for evidence of venality,                     duplicity, extravagance, or simple human weakness. It being                     a rule of journalism that &#8220;good news is no news,&#8221; what the                     public gets to know about the high and mighty is hardly likely                     to present them in a favourable light.<\/p>\n<p>Another rule of journalism is that nothing should be taken                     on faith. Too often, situations are not in fact what their                     principals make them out to be. In their zeal for uncovering                     the &#8220;inside story,&#8221; the media sometimes overstep the line,                     and innocent people are defamed by innuendo which cannot be                     erased by liable suits. Nevertheless, the media have exposed                     real evils often enough to instil a mood of suspicion in the                     public. Treated to scandal after scandal, and to equally scandalous                     attempts to cover them up, people are reluctant to accept                     anyone&#8217;s word for anything anymore.<\/p>\n<h3>The demolition of legends leaves little                   to admire<\/h3>\n<p>The spread of scepticism has reached the point where it                     has become part of western culture. Books debunking historical                     beliefs regularly reach the best-seller lists. &#8220;Now-it-can-be-told&#8221;                     accounts of famous events reveal dishonour, pettiness and                     incompetence among revered historical figures. A National                     Film Board documentary recently savaged the legend of one                     of Canada&#8217;s most cherished heroes, Billy Bishop, the World                     War I flying ace.<\/p>\n<p>The relentless demolition of admirable traditions (even                     when it is mere fictional speculation on the author&#8217;s part}                     has left people with little solid good to cling to in history.                     In the meantime, satirists have been wielding their lethal                     intellectual weapon in all the media to ensure that no person                     or institution is immune from ridicule. Some of the satire                     they dispense would have outraged the people of a more reverent                     era. Today people laugh approvingly, suspecting that there                     is more truth than fancy in the humorists&#8217; jibes.<\/p>\n<p>Out of this mood has come a near-reversal of the theory                     that a person is innocent until proven guilty, at least in                     the informal court of public opinion. Anyone who does anything                     that affects the public is called to account in the dock of                     the mass media, where a thoughtless slip in phrasing can sentence                     a reputation to death. This may be unfair, but it is a reality.                     The most anyone who wishes to secure public respect can do                     is follow the advice of a Canadian big businessman who said:                     &#8220;Never do anything you wouldn&#8217;t want to be interviewed about                     on TV.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Respect clearly cuts two ways. If people in positions which                     formerly commanded automatic respect find that it is lacking,                     they should think about returning more of it to the people.                     When we see politicians and officials abusing public money                     and businessmen and labour leaders determined to go their                     own way regardless of the effects on the community, we feel                     that we are being treated with contempt, and we are ready                     to return it in kind.<\/p>\n<p>Yet in a democracy the people are ultimately responsible                     for the state of affairs. Anybody who complains that there                     is no respect anymore might as well be talking into a mirror.                     If, as some say, children don&#8217;t respect their parents, if                     students don&#8217;t respect their teachers, if there is disrespect                     for the law, we should ask ourselves where it all begins.<\/p>\n<p>If there is a general lack of respect for the political                     and social system, it should be kept in mind that, as citizens,                     we <em>are <\/em>the system. In the words of the immortal comic                     strip character, Pogo, &#8220;We have seen the enemy and he is us.&#8221;                     We cannot disrespect the system without to some degree disrespecting                     ourselves.<\/p>\n<h3>Society seen as a fabric woven from                   mutual respect<\/h3>\n<p>Self-respect is more than an individual concern. In his                     1971 book <em>A Theory of Justice<\/em>, the American philosopher                     John Rawls wrote that it is a vital social value. Rawls views                     society as a fabric woven of all the associations in which                     people participate. To contribute positively to an association                     &#8211; a family or anything else &#8211; one must have self-respect.<\/p>\n<p>Self-respect begets the respect of others in a group; at                     the same time it is reinforced by the respect of others. Without                     it, Rawls wrote, &#8220;all desire becomes empty and vain, and we                     sink into apathy and cynicism.&#8221; How true: the first thing                     that happens to people who lose their self-respect is that                     they lose respect for everybody and everything. People who                     despise themselves may go through the obsequious motions of                     paying respect to others, but they are incapable of the real                     feeling because it can only grow out of self-esteem.<\/p>\n<p>According to Rawls, shame is the guardian of respect. &#8220;Imagine,&#8221;                     he wrote, &#8220;the example of someone who cheats or gives in to                     cowardice. By wrongly advancing his own interests, he has                     transgressed the rights of others&#8230; His conduct shows that                     he has failed to achieve the good of self-command, and he                     has been unworthy of his associates upon whom he depends to                     confirm his sense of his own worth.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The modern philosopher might have been quoting from the                     Victorian statesman Edmund Burke, who observed that as long                     as shame keeps its watch, virtue is never wholly extinguished.                     What happens when shame deserts the scene? Obviously it takes                     with it the self-control which self-respect enforces. In the                     absence of self-control, there can be none of the civil control                     upon which we depend for our security. A Mexican song tells                     of a place without shame and hence without law and order.&#8221;&#8230;                     Only the winner is respected. That&#8217;s why life is worth nothing                     in Guanajuato,&#8221; the lyrics run.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, that sense of civil self-interest of which                     Gibbon wrote is still at work. People know instinctively that                     when respect is lost, chaos takes over. There was a danger                     of that occurring in western countries in the 1960&#8217;s, when                     radical youths rebelled against the elder generation. Their                     dissatisfaction &#8211; disrespect for the system, really &#8211; found                     its outlet in violent attacks on authority in every form.<\/p>\n<p>To a large extent, the sixties radicals were revolting against                     the concept of respectability then current in both public                     and private affairs. It did not matter much what one did to                     merit respect as long as one appeared respectable. Extreme                     as their tactics were, we can thank the young crusaders for                     bringing shame on this social hypocrisy. The hard-minded iconoclasm                     of the media at present was one lasting result of their revolt.<\/p>\n<p>Having done their work of ensuring that respectability must                     be founded in conduct that deserves respect, the radicals                     and hippies of yesteryear have become content to wear jackets                     and ties and display acceptable manners. But in the atmosphere                     of openness which they created, it remains for society to                     build a new and more solid base of self-respect. This will                     only be done by placing a higher premium on individual character.                     We cannot demand character from our leaders unless we demand                     it from ourselves; for each of our lives is a thread in the                     fabric of mutual respect of which our society is composed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[73],"class_list":["post-3909","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-73"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 67, No. 2 - March\/April 1986 - The State of Respect - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-67-no-2-march-april-1986-the-state-of-respect\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 67, No. 2 - March\/April 1986 - The State of Respect - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In many ways, respect among people is the foundation of civilized society. We need to respect our institutions and leaders as well. But in today&#8217;s critical world, they will have to earn it. 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