{"id":3875,"date":"1950-06-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1950-06-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/june-1950-vol-31-no-6-on-writing-a-letter\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T14:00:11","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T14:00:11","slug":"june-1950-vol-31-no-6-on-writing-a-letter","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/june-1950-vol-31-no-6-on-writing-a-letter\/","title":{"rendered":"June 1950 &#8211; Vol. 31, No. 6 &#8211; On Writing A Letter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">No one knows when the first letter                     was written, or who wrote it, but the letter, as a form of                     self-expression, has existed for thousands of years.                     Whether written on stone, on wood, or on skin, with the edge                     of a sharp flint, a burnt stick or a goose-quill pen,                     or on paper with a modern electric typewriter, letters have                     changed the course of history. They have played their part                     in provoking wars, in cementing famous friendships, in closing                     great business deals, and in the realization and destruction                     of dreams.<\/p>\n<p> Many lasting and lovely examples of this most graceful and                     self-revealing of all arts have come down to us through                     the ages. The letters of Lord Chesterfield to his son are                     still quoted as models of educational literature; those of                     Madame de S\u00e9vign\u00e9 give a vivid picture of the                     times of Louis XIV; and from the letters of St. Paul to the                     Corinthians grew the foundation of the Christian dogma of                     salvation.<\/p>\n<p>But it is not with the letter as a social grace, a golden                     link in the chain of romance, or a lasting piece of literature                     that we are concerned in this article. We will attempt to                     discuss what often seems to be the stepchild of the art of                     writing &#8211; the business letter.<\/p>\n<p>Mail is used for many purposes. Contributions are solicited;                     services are sold; and all kinds of goods, from bobby-pins                     to expensive automobiles are promoted by letter. One of the                     outstanding examples of business built up and maintained by                     letters is the great mail order house, whose yearly turnover                     runs into millions of dollars. You may imagine the amount                     of correspondence involved when you learn that one Canadian                     mail order house sends out three million main and three million                     secondary catalogues a year.<\/p>\n<p>All too often the great potentialities of the business letter                     are not thought of. Time is short, and letter writing may                     be looked upon as a task to be performed quickly, with the                     least effort. It is safe to say that the reader reacts to                     letters written in this way with the same lack of interest                     as was originally shown by the writer. The letter which is                     just &#8220;good enough&#8221; will very likely have only mediocre results,                     while a drab, casual letter may often actually annoy the reader.<\/p>\n<p>Few men are in business for financial reward alone. Business                     is a means of living, of self-expression and of real                     self-satisfaction. The average business man is a perfectly                     normal human being, sympathetic, warm and friendly. He finds                     it natural and easy to show his real personality in face-to-face                     contacts, but alas! when he sits down to write a letter he                     changes completely. He becomes cold, formal and full of phrases                     like these:<\/p>\n<table width=\"415\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/dotted_quote_line.gif\" width=\"415\" height=\"1\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div class=\"quote\">                       &#8220;We beg to advise and wish to state                           That yours has arrived of recent date.                           We have it before us, its contents noted,                           And herewith enclose the prices we quoted.                           Attached please find as per your request                           The samples you wanted, and we would suggest,                           Regarding the matter and due to the fact                           That up until now your order we&#8217;ve lacked,                           We hope you will not delay it unduly,                           And beg to remain yours very truly.&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/08\/dotted_quote_line.gif\" width=\"415\" height=\"1\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>A business man may be firmly attached to such meaningless                     phrases but he may consider parting with them when it is pointed                     out that they add quite considerably to the expense of his                     letter. Experts have estimated that the average cost of a                     business letter, including the time spent by the person dictating                     it, tile stenographer, and materials, is slightly more than                     40 cents. A Chicago concern has estimated that the cost of                     letters amounts to half a million dollars a day in the United                     States. Short, friendly letters are not only less expensive,                     but are better builders of goodwill than the long, formal                   kind.<\/p>\n<h3>Aim of the Letter<\/h3>\n<p>What does the business letter set out to do? Basically it                     may be defined as a message that attempts to influence its                     reader to take some action or attitude desired by the writer.                     The reader must first believe, and then he must feel. If he                     believes and feels strongly enough, then he will take the                     desired action.<\/p>\n<p>To begin with, the writer must think: What am I trying to                     accomplish in this letter, and how can I best accomplish it?<\/p>\n<p>If a man writes or dictates under an inspired surge of ideas                     and his expression is so closely identified with his thought                     and feeling that he cannot make it better by planning and                     preparation, then, obviously, he should not try to do so.                     True inspiration needs no trimming or tinkering. But in the                     majority of cases we are not inspired; we have only an idea                     to be worked out, and planning is needed.<\/p>\n<p>The writer should have a clear mental picture of the letter                     he will write, including its length, the propositions he wishes                     to make, and the general phrasing of the central ideas. Be                     quite clear as to what you want to say before you begin to                     write, for if the purpose of the letter is not clear in your                     own mind, how can you expect to make it clear in your reader&#8217;s                     mind?<\/p>\n<p>In their book, <em>Business Writing: Theory and Practice<\/em>,                     Messrs. Parkhurst and Davis list the basic purposes of the                     business letter: (1) to insure accuracy; (2) to make transactions                     binding; (3) to furnish complete records; (4) to provide the                     least expensive communication; (5) to make contacts for the                     salesman; (6) to promote goodwill; (7) to talk more effectively;                     (8) to buy or sell goods.<\/p>\n<p>If our letters are to be effective, and accomplish all these                     objectives, then it is easily seen that hasty composition                     will not do.<\/p>\n<h3>The &#8220;You&#8221; Viewpoint<\/h3>\n<p>The most important thing to think about when you sit down                     to write a letter is not yourself, but the reader. What are                     <em>his <\/em>interests? What are <em>his <\/em>needs? What kind                     of a letter would <em>he <\/em>like to get? There can be no completely                     successful or effective letter unless the writer moves over                     into the place of the reader, and considers <em>his <\/em>comfort                     and <em>his <\/em>convenience.<\/p>\n<p>It is always a great temptation to write about what we ourselves                     are doing or hoping to do; it is human nature to tend to be                     self-centred. We like to think that everyone is interested                     in <em>our <\/em>problems, <em>our <\/em>products, <em>our <\/em>desires.                     But self-interest must be subordinated if a letter is                     to be effective in selling goods, services or goodwill. Forget                     about yourself and concentrate on your reader. It is a good                     idea to make the two principal words &#8220;you&#8221; and &#8220;yours&#8221;. &#8220;We&#8221;,                     of course, cannot be dispensed with, but &#8220;you&#8221; can be emphasized                     and cultivated.<\/p>\n<p>Every day most business houses receive letters from a wide                     cross-section of the country. Our day&#8217;s mail can include                     letters from bankers and business men, housewives and clubwomen,                     teachers and pupils, city dwellers and people living on isolated                     farms. To do justice to these various readers we cannot attempt                     to write to each one in exactly the same way. Each has his                     own particular interests, his likes and dislikes, and we need                     to try to make each recipient feel that the letter he received                     was written for him and him alone.<\/p>\n<p>For example, letters to city men may be shorter than those                     to farmers, especially in the between season&#8217; periods. Letters                     to women can be more deferential; they can appeal more to                     the emotions, and emphasize the beauty, design or up-to-date                     styling of the product. Letters to men can be more direct                     and factual, stressing economy and efficiency. Classify your                     reader, and then individualize him.<\/p>\n<p>Henry Hoke, publisher of <em>The Reporter of Direct Mail                     Advertising<\/em>, spoke to the Advertising and Sales Executives                     Club in Montreal this spring on the subject of successful                     letter writing. He mentioned four things as being wrong with                     most business letters. These are: (1) useless words; (2) improper                     arrangement of words; (3) incorrect expression of thought;                     and (4) offensive words. In this last category he emphasized                     the words &#8220;I&#8221;, &#8220;we&#8221;, &#8220;our&#8221;, &#8220;mine&#8221;, &#8220;my&#8221; and &#8220;us.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Giving the reader the centre of the stage is a challenge,                     and it can be fun, too. It calls for more than just bringing                     out some old stock phrases. Everyone likes to think of himself                     as capable of observing and understanding human nature. Everyone                     likes to be considered a man of imagination, sympathy and                     perception, with an elastic mind and varied viewpoint. Here                     is an opportunity to give all these desirable qualities their                     full expression &#8211; right in the letters you send out every                     day.<\/p>\n<p>In considering your audience, it is important never to underestimate                     their intelligence. F.P.A., the well-known writer and                     columnist, says in an epigram: &#8220;The average reader is considerably                     above the average.&#8221; His stock of information, which is quite                     a different thing from intelligence, may be limited, and that&#8217;s                     your job, to supply it in a form that is appealing, readily                     understood, and not condescending.<\/p>\n<h3>Be Complete and Concise<\/h3>\n<p>The characteristics of a good letter can be said to be those                     of a good advertisement: it should contain what the writer                     wants to say and what the customer wants to read about. Particular                     care should be taken to include in a letter all that belongs                     there. Too many letters have to be written to supply information                     missing from previous ones that were vague and ambiguous.<\/p>\n<p>The good letter is the clear and simple letter. Clarity                     of expression is essential if you are to put your message                     across. After one of the late President Roosevelt&#8217;s fireside                     chats, he received this letter from a little girl: &#8220;I heard                     your speech over the radio about the banks. It couldn&#8217;t have                     been much of a speech because I understood every word of it.&#8221;                     This short sentence contains the essential clarity of a good                     letter.<\/p>\n<p>Many of us have developed a dislike for writing letters,                     and we sometimes feel that writing is an awkward form of communication,                     a second-rate substitute for conversation. Speaking to                     a person is easier, more natural.<\/p>\n<p>A man might write &#8220;Dear Sir: Your esteemed favour of the                     20th instant has just come to hand. In reply we beg to state                     in reference to same that we are remitting herewith our cheque                     as per your statement in the amount of $89.95&#8221;. That same                     man, using the telephone, would likely say, &#8220;I&#8217;m sending you                     a cheque for $89.95. Thanks for waiting for it.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Before beginning to write or dictate, ask yourself this                     question: &#8220;If he were sitting across the desk from me, how                     would I say it?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Although the written word loses the power that comes from                     emphasis and inflection in conversation, letters are not a                     second choice of communication. They are a power in their                     own right, and sometimes can be more forceful, more intimate                     and more conclusive than speech.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s get the idea out of our heads that there are two languages                     &#8211; English and Business English. Business English is simply                     good, effective English. The ability to use language well                     is nowhere more effective than in business correspondence.                     Incidentally, a few business schools, which use out-of-date                     letter models for dictation purposes, ought to realize the                     danger that young people may think this is the language of                     commerce, and so carry on the old, antiquated phrases in their                     business life.<\/p>\n<p>The business executive who wishes to avoid stale and trite                     phraseology should examine the letters going out from his                     office. Notice how many words and phrases are repeated over                     and over again. Mark these and call them to attention of the                     writer; insist upon having obsolete terms replaced by lively                     terms such as you might use in conversation.<\/p>\n<p>Most clich\u00e9s were strong and vivid when they were                     new, but constant usage has rubbed away their bloom. It&#8217;s                     not easy, especially for a busy man, to expend that little                     extra effort in thinking up a newer, fresher phrase, when                     a well-worn expression is at hand, just waiting to be                     used once again. But how greatly the fresher phrase will strengthen                     and give new life to his letters!<\/p>\n<p>The choice of words is important; words are the writer&#8217;s                     bricks with which he builds. The wider a man&#8217;s vocabulary                     the greater the fund upon which he may draw, and the simpler                     it is to choose the happy word, the word that fits. A book                     of synonyms, such as Soule&#8217;s, should be at the elbow of every                     letter writer.<\/p>\n<h3>Be Brief but not Blunt<\/h3>\n<p>Shakespeare, that master of words, once wrote: &#8220;When words                     are scarce, they are seldom spent in vain.&#8221; Most executives                     are pressed for time, with many demands upon their attention.                     Too often the letters they write could have added to them                     what the 17th Century scientist, Pascal, said in a postscript                     to a 20-page letter: &#8220;I hope you will pardon me for writing                     such a long letter, but I did not have time to write you a                     shorter one.&#8221; Here is a truth within a paradox. A short, well-thought-out                     letter takes more time to write than a long repetitious one,                     because the writer has spent that little extra time in marshalling                     his thoughts, and eliminating all unnecessary words and ideas.<\/p>\n<p>Extra words lessen the impact and import of your message.                     Compare these phrases: &#8220;This service, which is offered without                     any charge whatsoever, is available to all of our customers&#8221;;                     &#8220;This free service as available to all our customers.&#8221; And                     these: &#8220;The feasibility of granting your request for financial                     assistance is left to the well-seasoned discretion of                     our manager&#8221; with &#8220;Your request for a loan depends upon the                     experienced judgment of our manager.&#8221; In both cases, isn&#8217;t                     the second phrase the clearer?<\/p>\n<p>Because words are fewer does not mean that courtesy should                     be sacrificed. There is a difference between being concise                     and being curt. In their efforts to keep their letters short,                     some business men verge on the side of rudeness. Once again                     you should look over your outgoing mail. If most of your letters                     consist only of a paragraph or two, it is possible that you                     can make them warmer and more human by adding a few friendly                     sentences. Simple words, like &#8220;please&#8221; and &#8220;thank you&#8221;, are                     often overlooked in the aim for brevity.<\/p>\n<h3>Personality is Needed<\/h3>\n<p>Another ingredient of the effective letter is personality,                     and by this we do not mean peculiarity or eccentricity. Sometimes                     the wish to please and attract by novelty leads a writer away                     from simplicity and mars his writing with artificiality and                     affectation. Many a business man would reach a style of natural                     forcefulness if he would devote himself to common sense and                     simplicity and not strain after some elusive elegance.<\/p>\n<p>Personality is the expression of the writer&#8217;s true self                     and thoughts. It balances humanness and dignity in a nice                     proportion. It is friendly, without sacrificing any of the                     dignity of office. Indeed, official position becomes surrounded                     with added graciousness.<\/p>\n<p>Individuality in letter writing does not mean disregarding                     the amenities. There are certain customs that people expect                     to see observed. There may be no good reason for beginning                     a letter with &#8220;Dear Mr. Jones&#8221;, but to change this form may                     distract the reader, and, worse still, irritate and antagonize                     him.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes humour creeps in to business letters. Robert L.                     Shurter, in his valuable little book, <em>Effective Letters                     in Business<\/em>, tells of this interchange between a large                     mail order house and a customer: &#8220;Gents: Please send me one                     of them gasoline engines you show on page 785 and if it&#8217;s                     any good, I&#8217;ll send you a check for it.&#8221; And the company replied:                     &#8220;Dear Sir: Please send us the check and if it&#8217;s any good,                     we&#8217;ll send you the engine.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Types of Letters<\/h3>\n<p>Now that we have set up some guide posts, and made some                     resolutions about our letter writing, in what kinds of letters                     do we expect to use them?<\/p>\n<p>Several types of letters are written in business houses                     every day, but there is no more important letter than the                     <em>Sales Letter<\/em>. It is the life-blood of business,                     and it is particularly important that it should make your                     reader believe and feel. Then if he believes and feels strongly                     enough, he will send you an order. A simple formula by which                     you may achieve this is summed up in four words: Picture:                     Promise: Prove: Push.<\/p>\n<p>To <em>Picture<\/em>, you need to get his attention, which                     may be haft-hearted; after all, your letter is not the                     only one on his desk. So pinpoint his wandering interest by                     painting a picture in your first paragraph. Make your opening                     short, but let it <em>say something<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>It is impossible to get the reader of a sales letter to                     react favourably until you have built up a desire for your                     product or service in his mind. You cannot do this until you                     have aroused his interest, and you cannot arouse his interest                     until you have gained his attention. A strong start, an inspirational                     lead, makes your letter more effective, and incidentally gives                     it a better chance of being read. A single fact, well stated,                     will be more arresting than all the glittering generalities                     you can crowd into an adjective-filled paragraph.<\/p>\n<p>Next, <em>Promise<\/em>. Define your product or your service,                     describe what it will do, in words your reader knows, in phrases                     that appeal to him, and in terms of his interest. Live up                     to your attention-catching opening remembering that his                     wastepaper basket is always close at hand.<\/p>\n<p><em>Prove <\/em>it by evidence that backs up the promise. You                     <em>can <\/em>carry out what you so glowingly describe to him.                     Convince him by endorsements, testimonials and statements                     of value.<\/p>\n<p>And finally <em>Push<\/em>. Tell him what you want him to do:                     fill in the order form, clip the coupon, mail back the enclosed                     card, or invite you to call.<\/p>\n<p>A fifth &#8220;P&#8221; which can often be used to advantage is the                     <em>Postscript<\/em>. A man reading a letter usually scans the                     first paragraph, as he does the newspaper headlines, glances                     at the opening words of following paragraphs, drops his eye                     down to the signature, and if there s a P.S. he&#8217;ll catch that                     too. If this is sufficiently arresting, he will be inclined                     to go over the letter more thoroughly.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>Adjustment letter <\/em>is not difficult to write.                     Generally, you admit the error and make the adjustment with                     good grace. Whether the customer is right or wrong, the tone                     of the adjustment letter should be polite and courteous. The                     skilful adjustment correspondent will try to convey his understanding                     of the customer&#8217;s misfortune by expressing regret, though                     he may know very well that the customer is at fault. The aim                     of this letter is not merely to grant the adjustment, but                     to keep the goodwill and the business of the client.<\/p>\n<p><em>Claims letters <\/em>are written to bring errors to the                     attention of those whose responsibility they are. Here the                     claimant would do well to heed the dictum of Walter Hines                     Page who said: &#8220;The writer of personal abuse always suffers                     from it &#8211; never the man abused.&#8221; One stands a better chance                     of getting a fair adjustment in the particular case and more                     careful attention in future if a tolerant and even-tempered                     tone is used.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>Credit Letter <\/em>has two forms: the letter granting                     credit and the letter refusing it.<\/p>\n<p>In the first type, the writer does not merely state terms                     and conditions. He has an opportunity to make it a sales letter,                     telling the customer about the superior goods and services                     of the firm, in a friendly, thoughtful way.<\/p>\n<p>The second letter, refusing credit, is more ticklish. It                     must refuse the application in a tactful way, all the while                     attempting to get the customer&#8217;s business on a cash basis.                     The writer can point out the advantages of cash buying, such                     as discounts, and freedom from monthly bills. The &#8220;you&#8221; attitude                     can be sincerely expressed. But don&#8217;t preach.<\/p>\n<p><em>Collection letters <\/em>have two purposes. One is to get                     the money, and the second is to keep the patronage of the                     customer. The writer can concentrate on the &#8220;you&#8221; viewpoint                     by showing that it is to the customer&#8217;s advantage to pay.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most important letters that we ever write is                     the <em>Application Letter<\/em>. It is a personal sales letter,                     and the writer is selling himself. This letter, if it is to                     get favourable results, must attract attention, arouse interest                     and create desire. &#8216;I&#8217; will necessarily be often used, but                     it can be used in a modest and unassuming way. Point out to                     the prospective employer how useful you can be to him, what                     abilities you have to offer him. You can picture, and promise                     but you must also prove &#8211; for not even the best-worded                     letter will get a job for the unqualified applicant.<\/p>\n<p>Every letter should, of course, be a builder of goodwill,                     but letters expressing goodwill alone are comparatively new                     business communications. Holidays, birthdays, anniversaries                     and so on are used as opportunities to write friendly letters                     to old and new customers, and thus keep the name of the business                     house in their minds.<\/p>\n<h3>Study Human Nature<\/h3>\n<p>It can be seen that the first class business letter writer                     must be a man with background, a man of broad interests, considerate,                     adaptable and above all, human. He must be versatile and acquainted                     with the thought of the times. How can he best achieve all                     these things?<\/p>\n<p>First of all by studying human nature, and this cannot be                     done by sitting all day at a desk. The letter writer should                     know how the foreman feels, what the clerk behind the counter                     thinks, what is in the salesman&#8217;s and the customer&#8217;s mind,                     as well as the opinions of his own colleagues. Widening of                     a man&#8217;s interests results in a broadening of his viewpoint                     and his understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Reading is important, too. And not just reading the current                     magazines and the daily newspaper, though these are necessary                     and not to be neglected. But wide reading of the best there                     is in the works of the great writers will be of inestimable                     value and self-satisfaction<\/p>\n<p>While the letter writer cannot copy the leisurely style                     of such authors as Dickens or Thackeray, he can take something                     from them in their knowledge of human nature and of life.                     He will increase his understanding, and add to his vocabulary.                     He will strengthen his own style. He will have a broader and                     deeper appreciation of the thought of the people, and all                     this will be reflected in his communications, both oral and                     written.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[30],"class_list":["post-3875","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-30"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>June 1950 - Vol. 31, No. 6 - On Writing A Letter - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/june-1950-vol-31-no-6-on-writing-a-letter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"June 1950 - Vol. 31, No. 6 - On Writing A Letter - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"No one knows when the first letter was written, or who wrote it, but the letter, as a form of self-expression, has existed for thousands of years. 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