{"id":3823,"date":"1990-07-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1990-07-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-71-no-4-july-august-1990-the-canadian-outdoors\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T02:27:51","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T02:27:51","slug":"vol-71-no-4-july-august-1990-the-canadian-outdoors","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-71-no-4-july-august-1990-the-canadian-outdoors\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 71, No. 4 &#8211; July\/August 1990 &#8211; The Canadian Outdoors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Canada is fabulously endowed with                     natural beauties for its people to enjoy, and the enjoyment                     of them is a leading feature of our culture. But unless we                     start treating our precious inheritance more sensitively,                     we could make our wilderness a paradise lost &#8230;<\/p>\n<p> Any stranger who travels the highways of Canada this summer                     might well come away with the impression that, beneath their                     stolid exterior, Canadians actually form a vast tribe of footloose                     nomads. Mobile campers swarm up hills amidst cars towing motorboats                     and tent trailers, or sporting roof racks piled high with                     sleeping bags , water jugs and portable stoves. At night they                     stop at roadside parks which, with all the open fires aglow,                     look like Indian encampments as viewed by the early European                     explorers. The sense of being transported back in time is                     quite in keeping with the spectacle, which is that of modern                     Canada reverting to its roots in the wild.<\/p>\n<p>The children who bed down to the lapping of lake waters                     and the call of loons are perpetuating a national tradition.                     Canadians have always gravitated to the outdoors. At one time,                     of course, they had no choice but to live close to nature;                     but now that the great majority of them reside in cities or                     sizeable towns, they nevertheless feel the need to get back                     to it. For Canadians, the call of the wild is more than a                     literary expression. Even to immigrants new to the country,                     &#8220;the bush&#8221; exerts a magnetic pull.<\/p>\n<p>The Toronto author Patrick Anderson once wrote of &#8220;the curious                     pressure of muskeg and tundra and forest&#8221; Canadians feel &#8220;on                     their skulls&#8221; in the more southerly regions. The unpopulated                     hinterland is always there, looming over our shoulders, both                     physically and psychologically. To Anderson, the wilderness                     landscape &#8220;seemed old and violent and sad,&#8221; but its attraction                     was irresistible: &#8220;In summer we staggered out of the boiling                     city; the landscape closed around us; we sank into it like                     peasants into a feather bed.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The outdoors has a powerful influence on the Canadian self-image.                     Living in a spacious land of lakes, forests, mountains and                     plains is what sets people here apart from those in more densely                     populated countries. Our &#8220;northernness&#8221; is at the core of                     our culture. Canadian art and literature in both official                     languages have always drawn on the wilderness for themes.                     Rare is the Canadian poet of any era who has not, in his own                     style, composed a paean to the raw majesty of our natural                     surroundings. Canadian painters, notably the Group of Seven,                     have specialized in rugged rocks and ragged evergreens.<\/p>\n<p>Canadians regard their access to the outdoors as an inalienable                     birthright &#8211; or, if they were not born here, a right conferred                     by residence. Every spring, funds are raised in cities to                     send poor children to summer camp on the unspoken principle                     that no one should be deprived of at least a taste of outdoor                     life.<\/p>\n<p>The right to enjoy nature is written into the law of the                     land. As early as 1885 the Canadian government reserved its                     first wild lands , now in Banff National Park, and the federal                     park system has since spread from British Columbia to Newfoundland.                     Every province runs its own system of parks and wildlife sanctuaries                     in which the native environment is preserved.<\/p>\n<p>In most parts of the country, the summer cottage (or &#8220;camp&#8221;                     among northerners to whom the word cottage sounds effete)                     is an enduring institution. As soon as the school year ends,                     whole families switch households lock, stock and barrel. They                     become temporary savages, complete with skimpy clothing, bare                     feet, and meals of chunks of meat seared over open fires known                     as barbecues. Children make their first acquaintance with                     wildlife by feeding chipmunks and catching polliwogs in jars.<\/p>\n<h3>Specific activities come second to                   a simple                   love of the wild<\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;The plain fact is that Canadians will not summer anywhere                     but near a lake,&#8221; the distinguished editor and author B. K.                     Sandwell wrote. &#8221; Ask any non-seashore-going Canadian where                     he is going when the summer migration begins, and he will                     answer without a moment&#8217;s hesitation: &#8216;To the Lake,&#8217; or &#8216;To                     the Beach,&#8217; or &#8216;To the Bay.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In a few instances he may merely say &#8216;To the Mountains,&#8217;                     and put you off the scent for a moment. But not for long.                     Riposte with the query: &#8216;What part of the Mountains?&#8217; and                     he will come back with &#8216;Oh , up by the Lake. You know!'&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Serious outdoorsmen might denigrate summer campers as mere                     dilettantes who are not genuinely &#8220;roughing it.&#8221; To some,                     the only true outdoor experience is to pierce the heart of                     the hinterland by canoe, making arduous portages over slippery                     masses of precambrian rock and through insect infested swamps.<\/p>\n<p>But whether a person stays under a cottage roof or sleeps                     under the stars is not very relevant. A lake in the evening                     can be just as beautiful whether it is a kilometer from a                     highway or the same distance from the Mackenzie River. The                     populated shores of lakes in cottage country may echo to the                     roar of motorboats, but in their more distance reaches, it                     is still possible to find spots where you can experience the                     feeling that no human has ever been there before.<\/p>\n<p>There is no doubt, however, that what Stephen Leacock described                     as &#8221; the mania for the open bush&#8221; rages more virulently in                     some souls than in others. Those subject to this passion spend                     winter evenings tying fishing flies, oiling guns or leafing                     through outdoor books and magazines. A fine winter day will                     find them cross-country skiing , snowshoeing through the woods,                     or ice-fishing with like-minded companions. With the coming                     of the spring breakup they burn with impatience to get out                     under the open skies.<\/p>\n<p>They all have their specialties: canoeing, bird-watching,                     fishing, hunting, hiking, horse-back trekking, white-water                     rafting, back- packing, etc. But if you analyze their motives,                     you will find that their specific pastimes come second to                     a simple love of the wild. They are like the superb Canadian                     outdoor writer Roderick Haig- Brown when he examined why he                     loved to go fishing. &#8220;Perhaps fishing for me is only an excuse                     to be near rivers. If so, I&#8217;m glad I thought of it,&#8221; he wrote.<\/p>\n<p>The mania for the bush drives people to do some awfully                     illogical things. Fishing is definitely illogical. Dr. Samuel                     Johnson once defined a fishing rod as a &#8220;stick with a hook                     on one end and a fool on the other,&#8221; and anglers themselves                     will admit that no one ever devised a less efficient method                     of accomplishing any purpose than fishing with a rod and reel.<\/p>\n<h3>The real value of the outdoors cannot                   be                   measured in dollars<\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Notice that well-to-do stockbroker crawling about on his                     stomach in the underbrush, his spectacles glowing like gig-lights,&#8221;                     Stephen Leacock wrote in reference to the mania for the bush.                     &#8220;What is he doing? He is after a cariboo (sic) that isn&#8217;t                     there. Of course, deep down in his heart he knows that the                     cariboo isn&#8217;t there and never was &#8230; He can&#8217;t help it: he&#8217;s                     got to stalk something. Mark him as he crawls along; see him                     crawl through the thimbleberry bush (very quietly so that                     the cariboo won&#8217;t hear the noise of the prickles going into                     him), then through a bee&#8217;s nest, gently and slowly, so that                     the cariboo won&#8217;t take fright when the bees are stinging him.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The difficulties and discomforts of outdoor life make logical                     people wonder why on earth anyone would voluntarily expose                     him- or herself to them. The great Canadian black fly merits                     special mention in this regard; this ubiquitous pest can turn                     life in the open air into a kind of hell. Black flies and                     mosquitoes appear to work in shifts, the former on the day                     shift, the latter on nights, taking over the duty of tormenting                     people at sundown. Add to the insects thunderstorms, endless                     rainy days, sudden drops in temperature, cold mud in one&#8217;s                     socks, and meals that are either undercooked or burnt, and                     it can only be concluded that to enjoy all this, a person                     has to be a masochist.<\/p>\n<p>If that is the case, masochists abound on Canadian soft.                     Although exact figures are lacking for the number of Canadians                     who participate in outdoor activities (which in any case are                     hard to define) the Canadian Wildlife Federation has estimated                     that 83.8 per cent of all Canadians engage in some form of                     wildlife-related activity. In a separate study, it was found                     that some 6.5 million Canadians regularly fish for sport.<\/p>\n<p>Outdoor activities pour huge amounts of money into our national                     economy. Spending on fishing alone is estimated at $4.4 billion                     annually, while the Wildlife Federation calculates other wildlife-                     related expenditures at $4.2 billion a year.<\/p>\n<p>The economic benefits are widespread, reaching from huge                     automotive plants producing vans to tiny village stores. Forest                     parks and campgrounds are a major source of summer employment                     for students. And many the budding entrepreneur has got his                     or her start by putting up a hand-lettered sign announcing:                     &#8220;Worms For Sale.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But the real value of the outdoors cannot be measured in                     dollars. For those who insist on the practical approach, the                     most that can be said is that it yields a pay-back to society                     in physical and mental health and serves as a safety valve                     for urban social stress. It also has an incalculable educational                     value: &#8220;A natural area is a living library, a changing, revealing                     library where students can see , feel, hear and taste life                     in action,&#8221; wrote the biologist Thomas Morley. The mere experience                     of being outdoors helps young people to understand their world.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Surely there is something in the unruffled calm of nature                     that overawes our little anxieties and doubts: the sight of                     the deep- blue sky, and the clustering stars above, seem to                     impart quiet to the mind,&#8221; wrote Jonathan Edwards. It is that                     sense of being overawed that comprises the spiritual dimension                     of being outdoors, and explains why people will put up with                     hardships and even occasional dangers to experience it.<\/p>\n<p>The grandeur of nature on the scale in which it is encountered                     in Canada allows us to see ourselves and our society in perspective.                     It shows us how small and insignificant we are in the cosmic                     scheme of things. It puts human beings in their place.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, human beings have overstepped that place                     in their unthinking use of their power to alter nature &#8211; and                     indeed to destroy it in many cases. The lakes and rivers that                     have been killed biologically by acid rain and water pollution                     stand in silent reproof of our reckless treatment of our natural                     inheritance.<\/p>\n<p>By abusing what we have been given, we have brought ourselves                     dangerously close to a day of reckoning. &#8220;Nature&#8217;s laws affirm                     instead of prohibit. If you violate her laws you are your                     own prosecuting attorney, judge, jury and hangman,&#8221; the great                     horticulturist Luther Burbank wrote.<\/p>\n<h3>A picture of growing pressure on accessible                                       wilderness space<\/h3>\n<p>Because of the sheer abundance of natural glories that are                     theirs to share, Canadians have traditionally taken the outdoors                     for granted, paying little attention to the encroachments                     and depredations that have resulted in the disappearance of                     millions of hectares of wild lands. In fact, despite the illusion                     of limitless woods and water one gets when flying over the                     country, the amount of accessible forest recreation space                     is shrinking in proportion to the numbers who avail themselves                     of it. Not only is the actual number of Canadians who use                     the outdoors growing, but they are using it more frequently.                     It is estimated, for instance, that roughly twice as much                     fresh-water fishing is being done in Canada now than 25 years                     ago.<\/p>\n<p>In every sphere of outdoor activity, a picture emerges of                     increasing pressure on resources within a reasonable distance                     of most of its users. It is still possible to fly by chartered                     aircraft into virgin territory, but that is a privilege that                     can be afforded by a very small minority. The need is not                     so much for sweeping expanses of wilderness in remote places                     where few people ever go as for smaller patches that can be                     put to active use.<\/p>\n<p>Nor is the requirement for absolute pristine wilderness.                     It should not be forgotten that people go outdoors to enjoy                     themselves. It would seem that the ideal way to preserve wilderness                     would not be to let anybody in it at all, but that would not                     meet the human need for the outdoors.<\/p>\n<p>Walter Stegner, who was chief naturalist of the U. S. National                     Parks Service for some years, once told a story in this regard                     about an environmental purist (from the city, of course) who                     was &#8221; giving a hard time&#8221; to a park superintendent.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There are too many roads,&#8221; he complained. &#8220;The campgrounds                     are too crowded. There should be no buildings &#8230; Why, the                     place is being ruined by people!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;You may have a point,&#8221; the superintendent replied. &#8220;But,                     you know, the crowd would not be so big if you and I were                     not here too.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;You don&#8217;t maintain a wilderness area simply by letting                     it stand alone, especially where wilderness is surrounded                     by other lands whose use or abuse directly or indirectly extends                     into a wilderness,&#8221; Stegner wrote. &#8220;Nor can you manage the                     human use of the wilderness for recreation and inspiration,                     without appraising on a continuous basis the impact those                     humans have on the landscape. Wilderness use must be disciplined                     use, else the wilderness will disappear.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Wild places must not only be preserved,                   but restored<\/h3>\n<p>The fact that forest products make up Canada&#8217;s largest industrial                     sector, adds to the pressure on the supply of wild lands.                     This has led to well-publicized confrontations between forest                     products companies and environmentalists. Lately the industry                     has become much more cognizant than in the past of ecological                     concerns. There is a growing recognition that both the industry                     and the public at large have a stake in keeping our forests                     in healthy condition. It need not be a matter of one displacing                     the other. There is room to accommodate both if our wild lands                     are managed sensitively.<\/p>\n<p>So far, however, Canada has presented proof of the saying                     that you always hurt the one you love. Canadians worship the                     wilderness, but that does not mean to say that they also cherish                     it. Historically, they have cut it down, burned it up, torn                     it up, blown it up, contaminated it, over-fished and over-hunted                     it. They have dumped their waste in it and steadily driven                     its wild inhabitants to ever more distant refuges &#8211; or at                     least those wild species that have survived the onslaught                     of human beings. Some species have not. They will never be                     seen on earth again, and we are all that much the poorer for                     their demise.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s getting harder and harder to find good places,&#8221; a                     wildlife expert in Texas recently said. &#8220;What we need is another                     planet like earth with no people on it.&#8221; Sadly, those sentiments                     could be echoed in some parts of Canada, where former &#8220;good                     places&#8221; are suffering from development, pollution and overuse.                     In recent years, however, the realization has spread that,                     if we are to offer sufficient recreational opportunities for                     our growing population, we must not only protect wild places,                     but also restore them. Lakes must be cleaned up, and devastated                     lands made fit for recreational use.<\/p>\n<p>None too soon, Canadians are coming facing the fact that                     nature is all of a piece; that the way we live in our homes                     has a direct impact on our natural environment. We cannot                     expect to contribute gratuitously to waste and pollution without                     detracting from our overall quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>A new attitude towards the environment has arisen which                     was neatly stated in the announcement of a recent conference                     on sustainable development: &#8220;We did not inherit the earth                     from our forefathers. We borrowed it from our children.&#8221; The                     question for adult Canadians is : Will our children and grandchildren                     be able to enjoy the outdoors as much as we enjoy it today?<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Blessed be the country that has many little lakes, for                     to it belongs no small share of the beauty of heaven,&#8221; the                     Canadian essayist Cecil Francis Lloyd wrote. Canada has been                     blessed with a bounty of natural beauties unequalled anywhere.<\/p>\n<p>They are there for us to enjoy, but unless we go about enjoying                     them in a more disciplined way, the access which average Canadians                     now have to the outdoors could become only a memory among                     coming generations. For those who appreciate the outdoors,                     Canada is a paradise. It could be a paradise lost if we do                     not start treating our wilderness as the precious treasure                     it is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[77],"class_list":["post-3823","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-77"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vol. 71, No. 4 - July\/August 1990 - The Canadian Outdoors - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/vol-71-no-4-july-august-1990-the-canadian-outdoors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vol. 71, No. 4 - July\/August 1990 - The Canadian Outdoors - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Canada is fabulously endowed with natural beauties for its people to enjoy, and the enjoyment of them is a leading feature of our culture. 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