{"id":3738,"date":"1958-02-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1958-02-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/february-1958-vol-39-no-2-about-planning-a-conference\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T13:15:24","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T13:15:24","slug":"february-1958-vol-39-no-2-about-planning-a-conference","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/february-1958-vol-39-no-2-about-planning-a-conference\/","title":{"rendered":"February 1958 &#8211; Vol. 39, No. 2 &#8211; About Planning a Conference"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">CONFERENCES of all sizes and sorts                     are important in business life, in professional life, in politics                     and in the home. Many a person has been frustrated in carrying                     out his plans because he did not consult the people concerned,                     learn their ideas, and win their interest.<\/p>\n<p> The conference we are about to plan is not a convention                     of men and women who have come together for good cheer, but                     a meeting of people to discuss issues of interest to them,                     to contribute ideas, and to carry away thoughts that will                     be worth remembering.<\/p>\n<p>We live in a society of growing complexity, in which no                     one person can know all about anything. A conference brings                     together people with diverse notions and varied kinds of information.                     The exchange of thoughts and the pooling of ideas and the                     study of solutions -these are the essence of the conference                     method.<\/p>\n<p>There are subsidiary benefits, too. A conference will give                     the people who participate in it a better sense of identity.                     They will be confirmed in their partnership in a common effort.                     They will prove to themselves the benefit of convincing and                     persuading rather than overruling one another.<\/p>\n<h3>Why hold a conference?<\/h3>\n<p>Before deciding to have a conference, you must make up your                     mind as to what the purpose is. You need to validate the problem                     in terms of the people you propose to invite: is it really                     their problem, or so related to their place in the scheme                     of things that they are likely to have something of consequence                     to contribute?<\/p>\n<p>If a conference is called because a leader in business,                     education, or other activity has a plan or programme he wishes                     to have adopted, he will present his thoughts and turn the                     matter over to the group for discussion. In another sort of                     conference the leader may wish to secure opinions al&gt;out a                     matter before he reaches a decision. In that case the results                     will be better if he withholds his own opinion until there                     has been free and open discussion. In either case, if there                     is not open and free discussion, it is not a conference.<\/p>\n<p>There is no ready-made design for the conference you                     are planning: it must be worked out in special terms with                     the aid of general principles.<\/p>\n<p>The first question to answer is: &#8220;What more than anything                     else is the hoped-for outcome of this conference?&#8221; The                     subject of the conference must present a problem, a felt difficulty,                     and it must give elbow-room for discussion. It must be                     a subject that is of significance to ail the persons you are                     inviting. There must be expectation of reaching a product,                     an end result that will be useful to you and to the participants.                     You are not looking for glib agreement with your ideas, but                     for a solution grounded on principles and the knowledge contributed                     by the conferees.<\/p>\n<p>Do not lose sight of the splendid opportunity this gathering                     gives you to tap the creative resources of all these individuals                     who come to your conference inspired by fellowship in a mutual                     endeavour and stimulated by the exchange of ideas. Determine                     at the beginning to so shape your conference as to make the                     most of it. If people go away from your conference with the                     feeling of belonging to your organization in a valuable way,                     that is a bonus value that may be more important to your business                     than all the other conference benefits.<\/p>\n<p>This statement is true of ai1 sorts of conferences, from                     the great trade association conference through those of individual                     businesses and professional societies, to the family conference.                     Just remember and observe the ground rules: the leader may                     be a coach but must not dominate; the discussion should be                     to the point; there must be no &#8220;needling&#8221; or discourtesy.<\/p>\n<h3>About planning<\/h3>\n<p>Any event succeeds or fails according to the preparation                     given it. Vital personalities are careful to plan their projects                     in detail. They take all the measures necessary to insure                     the fulfilment of their aims.<\/p>\n<p>Unless you plan early and well your conference may dribble                     away into irrelevant channels, ending in confusion rather                     than your hoped-for agreement.<\/p>\n<p>You must decide in planning your conference whether it is                     to be a free-wheeling gathering in which a problem is                     stated and then debated at large, or whether it is to be a                     guided conference in which you endeavour to save time and                     effort by keeping discussion in the groove.<\/p>\n<p>Problems in industry and in voluntary organizations will                     usually fall within one of two categories: problems of human                     relationships and problems of techniques. It will help you                     to decide the nature of your conference if you pin-point                     the area, but you must make some allowance, too, for overlapping.<\/p>\n<p>When you reach this stage you may benefit by reading parts                     of volume one, the Report and Proceedings of H.R.H. the Duke                     of Edinburgh&#8217;s Study Conference 1956 (Oxford University Press).                     It tells how that very successful conference was planned and                     carried out.<\/p>\n<p>Your study of this book, added to your experience in other                     endeavours, will convince you that it is dangerous to think                     that things will work themselves out if left alone. This is                     specially true on the level of a conference, where people                     of varied experience and many dissimilar attitudes are brought                     together. Planning is needed for efficiency, because it helps                     a conference to work things out in the best way in the shortest                     time with the least dislocation.<\/p>\n<p>But don&#8217;t plan in such fine detail that the conference sinks                     into <em>rigor mortis<\/em>. Over-organization leads to                     the strangulation of enterprise. Moreover, it may cause you                     personal trouble, because a tightly-organized operation                     is more subject than a loosely-organized one to surfer                     complete wreckage if something goes awry.<\/p>\n<h3>Managing the conference<\/h3>\n<p>There is a difference between managing a conference and                     being its leader. The chief executive of the company, association                     or group may plan and organize the conference and keep his                     finger on its operation right through to the final report,                     but assign platform leadership of the conference to someone                     he selects for the special capabilities a competent conference                     leader needs.<\/p>\n<p>Some one person must be top man in preparation of the conference.                     If you are taking on this responsibility you will need helpers,                     perhaps committees, but you yourself will be accountable for                     the success or failure of the project.<\/p>\n<p>If yours is a big conference, the steering committee may                     need to appoint others: a conference members committee to                     send invitations, arrange transportation, and welcome visitors;                     a programme committee to draw up time schedules, arrange a                     meeting-place, provide facilities such as black-boards,                     projectors, and so forth.<\/p>\n<p>Don&#8217;t allow your committees to skimp their duties of preparation.                     Do not allow anyone to assume that someone else is looking                     after something.<\/p>\n<p>One of your committees should be versed in the principle                     so well known to educationists and salesmen ( that communication                     is achieved best when done through at least two of the five                     senses. If the topic of your conference lends itself to illustration                     by graphs, slides, moving pictures, exhibits or black-board                     exposition, see that your committee provides them. Check on                     three points about visual aids: are they easy to grasp? are                     they accurate? are they pertinent?<\/p>\n<h3>An idea file<\/h3>\n<p>This would be an appropriate time for you to start an idea                     file. All you need are: a box like a recipe file to hold 3&#8243;                     x 5&#8243; blank guide cards and cards on which to jot down your                     ideas. Mark your guide cards to indicate sections of your                     planning, such as &#8220;visual aids, seating, exhibits, speakers,                     invitations.&#8221; Go through this <em>Monthly Letter <\/em>to give                     your file a start, and then whenever an idea occurs to you                     write it down and put it in your file. By the time you come                     to make the first move in the detailed organization of your                     conference you should have a wealth of ideas that will make                     your planning relatively easy and contribute toward the sure                     success of your project.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most important sections in your file will be                     headed: &#8220;timing&#8221;. This is something that will run all through                     your planning. Nice judgment is needed to plan a schedule                     in which timing is not too tight for effective work and yet                     not so leisurely as to let the conferees sink into the doldrums.                     You need to keep the position fluid, so as to make the most                     of new or developed opportunities, and yet be ready for difficulties                     when people take the wrong turning and seem bent upon exploring                     irrelevancies.<\/p>\n<p>Don&#8217;t commit yourself wholly to the first conference draft                     you draw up. Be flexible. Keep improving it until your closest                     examination and your keenest thought tell you it is satisfactory.                     But start far enough ahead to allow time for this scrutiny.                     You must not menace your conference by crowding changes upon                     your people in the last days.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some questions to ask in that final checkup; is                     the topic right and is it properly stated? are the authors                     of background material wisely chosen? are the study group                     leaders right? are the speakers right? are all these right                     not only as individuals but as a whole? is the plan right                     for those who will take part, or is it top-heavy with                     technicalities or idealism or selling or anything else?<\/p>\n<h3>Building up the conference<\/h3>\n<p>Your advance notices should awaken interest, giving those                     you invite a sense of purpose and destination. The notices                     should present the purpose in such a way as to win a &#8220;yes&#8221;                     response: &#8220;yes, it is needed; yes, I can help.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>State what the conference is about, and show why the conferee                     is interested in it. Put the person you are inviting at ease.                     This isn&#8217;t an indoctrination session any more than it is a                     social event. It is a get-together for a mutual talking-out                     of problems and a co-operative making of plans. Tell                     him you believe he has something worthwhile to contribute.<\/p>\n<p>Make it clear that there is no &#8220;catch&#8221; in the invitation.                     You have no subtle motives, but genuine interest in hearing                     what your people have to contribute.<\/p>\n<p>Once you have sent out your announcement you have passed                     the point of no return. You must go on,. at whatever cost                     of time and energy, to make your conference a success. Keep                     checking your committees, and inform everyone who is working                     with you about progress and developments.<\/p>\n<p>An important part of building up your conference is the                     provision of background papers. Everyone who is to participate                     in the conference should be given all necessary material well                     in advance of the meeting. These background papers will ensure                     that all persons attending your conference approach it with                     the same opportunity of contributing intelligently. The papers                     should be informational, and not propaganda for any person&#8217;s                     ideas. The place for expressing opinions is when the conference                     gets down to brass tack discussion.<\/p>\n<p>See that one of your committees is charged with the important                     task of setting up a clearing house adjacent to your meeting-place                     to provide information that conferees may require. Your company                     or institutional library can assemble a broad selection of                     publications dealing with the subject matter of the conference.                     It is possible for your librarian to borrow books from public                     libraries or from special libraries to fill blank places in                     your own collection.<\/p>\n<h3>Choosing a leader<\/h3>\n<p>The leader is the kingpin in the success of the conference.                     He can make it or break it. His fitness through preparation                     and skill should be a major concern.<\/p>\n<p>Consider these basic responsibilities of the leader: to                     direct the group thinking in an orderly manner; to present                     the problem correctly and clarify it so that participants                     can discuss it intelligently; to follow the discussion and                     keep it on the track in a gracious manner; to summarize the                     discussion at appropriate periods.<\/p>\n<p>When you draw a profile of a conference leader, you will                     find that it shows the following characteristics: a high degree                     of intelligence, a happy sense of humour, broadmindedness,                     inquisitiveness, alertness, patience, freedom from prejudices,                     integrity.<\/p>\n<p>To all this there might be added a certain sort of humility,                     for nothing will kill a conference quicker than to have the                     leader act as if he knew it all. He is the moderator of a                     group of people who are expected to do their own thinking                     and express their own opinions.<\/p>\n<p>The leader must prepare himself. Too many men who would                     not attempt to make a speech before the public without careful                     preparation and rehearsal will go into a conference with little                     knowledge of the art of conferring and no preparation of the                     subject. The leader is not supposed to know as much as the                     aggregate of all those who are before him, but he should at                     least be able to pronounce the words and follow the discussion                     with understanding.<\/p>\n<p>It would be helpful to have the leader write an outline                     of what he believes his duties to be. It might include items                     like these: keep alert to the nature and trend of the thinking                     and analysis; catch and record statements which are useful                     at the moment or later on; check discussion when it drifts                     away from the point; start up the discussion if it should                     die down; get attention given to all angles of the problem,                     and encourage the participants to work out a solution if possible.<\/p>\n<p>The leader must be a man who is skilled at drawing loose                     ends together accurately and fairly. Too frequent summaries                     centre attention unduly on the leader, but an active pulling                     together of the group is needed whenever there is evidence                     of bogging down. The leader doesn&#8217;t want his conference to                     degenerate into a debating society for the sake of hearing                     people talk. Make it an incubator of ideas. Watch for smouldering                     thoughts and fan them into tire.<\/p>\n<p>The leader&#8217;s task from the beginning is to keep minds open                     and running, not vacant and idling. He must be competent to                     restrain his gathering from breaking up into little groups                     of people talking together. The only break in solidarity of                     the conference he should allow is when planned groups discuss                     points assigned to them.<\/p>\n<h3>Selecting conferees<\/h3>\n<p>What type of person are you going to invite to your conference?                     Can you draw up a specification of the sort of person you                     believe will contribute most?<\/p>\n<p>What you want is a group of experienced people with keen                     minds, who are determined to find out ail they can about the                     problem and contribute on the basis of that knowledge to its                     solution.<\/p>\n<p>The conference members must be selected with an eye to their                     willingness to co-operate with the leader and with one                     another, to take part in the discussion, to hold their prejudices                     in check and respect the other person&#8217;s point of view; to                     share their experiences for the common good; to conform to                     the courtesies of debate, neither taking an unfair share of                     the rime to expound their pet theories nor interrupting others.<\/p>\n<p>Conferees whom you invite owe it to your confidence in them                     to study the background matter you provide, and to come prepared                     so far as is in their power to contribute significantly and                     sincerely.<\/p>\n<p>In making out your invitation list, keep in mind the variety                     of human minds. You will send the same invitation and the                     same background material to all your people ( ten, fifty,                     a hundred of them ( but no two will turn up at your conference                     with exactly the same interpretation of facts or theory. Every                     person will bring something of his own, drawn from or conditioned                     by his life&#8217;s experiences. Indeed, that is just what you want                     most: different points of view.<\/p>\n<p>One theme that should run all through your planning and                     through the conference itself is the need to communicate ideas.                     Something more must happen to ideas than merely expressing                     them. Communication is not completed until the ideas enter,                     influence and stick in the mind of the hearer.<\/p>\n<p>Your planning effort, from the first notice to the summing-up,                     needs to be audience-centred. You need to write from                     the point of view of the receiver, who will ask about every                     message you send: &#8220;how does this affect me?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>The conference itself<\/h3>\n<p>You will have moments of anxiety as the day draws near to                     test your plans in action. Having done your part of the organization                     work you are in the hands of the people participating. Will                     they buckle down to the job?<\/p>\n<p>This <em>Monthly Letter <\/em>deals with planning a conference,                     and there is no opportunity in it for discussion of conducting                     the conference itself. If you have kept pressing since the                     first move, arousing interest and preventing it from dissipating;                     if you have selected a leader who is skilled enough not to                     fumble; then there is little left for you to do.<\/p>\n<p>Your talk on the opening day will visualize for everyone                     the precise purpose of the gathering and will orient your                     people away from the jobs they have just left and into the                     spirit of dealing with another and wider problem. This is                     no place for oratory or anecdotes; be simple, sincere and                     clear.<\/p>\n<p>Try to inspire the conference members at this first meeting,                     to lift them out of their limitations of habit, to show vividly                     the zest to be found in being an eager participant in solving                     problems.<\/p>\n<p>During the conference you will require reports from the                     leader and his helpers about its progress, and you may have                     to step in to meet an emergency, to refocus attention on the                     purpose of the gathering, to jog the conferees out of abstractions.<\/p>\n<p>You will likely appear again at the end of the conference,                     if only to express appreciation of what has been accomplished,                     leaving with the conferees a sense of a job well done.<\/p>\n<h3>Following through<\/h3>\n<p>Try, in your summing-up, to extract from the host of                     thoughts and impressions some clear-cut principles, and                     to express them meaningfully.<\/p>\n<p>The conference should not end on a note of general recommendation.                     Involve those concerned with doing something. If the members                     believe that education, research and information are needed,                     press them to consider further what sort of education, research                     into what aspects, and who is to give what information to                     whom. Ask them to go into particulars. Who can be enlisted                     in these efforts, under whose direction? Tell them you will                     set up an information exchange to serve those who wish to                     pursue the problem.<\/p>\n<p>The end of the conference may thus be the beginning of its                     usefulness, if you follow through with the same energy you                     gave to planning and preparation.<\/p>\n<p>You might send, about a week after the conference closes,                     a one-page factual digest of points decided. This will                     keep up interest.<\/p>\n<p>Then, within a month, send a complete report to every participant,                     not a copy of the stenographic report, which would be tiresome,                     but one covering all opinions fairly. In an accompanying letter,                     include an invitation to send you second thoughts or new thoughts                     ( not a rehash of what has been threshed out, but a continuation.<\/p>\n<p>Before mailing the final report, read it thoughtfully with                     this question in mind: does it provide sharp and accurate                     material and an inspiring motive for action?<\/p>\n<p>A conference begun, carried through, and ended in this way                     cannot help but be a broadening educational experience for                     the sponsor as well as for the participants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[38],"class_list":["post-3738","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-38"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>February 1958 - Vol. 39, No. 2 - About Planning a Conference - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/february-1958-vol-39-no-2-about-planning-a-conference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"February 1958 - Vol. 39, No. 2 - About Planning a Conference - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CONFERENCES of all sizes and sorts are important in business life, in professional life, in politics and in the home. 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Many a person has been frustrated in carrying out his plans because he did not consult the people concerned, learn their ideas, and win their interest. 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