{"id":3709,"date":"1966-12-01T01:00:00","date_gmt":"1966-12-01T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/december-1966-vol-47-no-12-seeing-canada-whole\/"},"modified":"2022-11-28T01:18:15","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T01:18:15","slug":"december-1966-vol-47-no-12-seeing-canada-whole","status":"publish","type":"rbc_letter","link":"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/december-1966-vol-47-no-12-seeing-canada-whole\/","title":{"rendered":"December 1966 &#8211; VOL. 47, No. 12 &#8211; Seeing Canada Whole"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"layout-column-main\">\n<p class=\"boldtext\">Centenary year offers Canadians                     an opportunity to take a good look at themselves and their                     country, to view themselves from many angles, and to see themselves                     as others see them.<\/p>\n<p> The pictures should have some of the qualities seen in great                     portraits: they should be like us, not idealizations or, on                     the other hand, caricatures; they should show our traits and                     our spirit, not just the skin and clothes we wear. <em>Mona                     Lisa <\/em>is considered to be a masterpiece precisely because                     it expresses an inner spirit.<\/p>\n<p>Our pictures of ourselves should have some depth and range                     to their setting. It was Leonardo da Vinci who said that perspective                     is the bridle and rudder of painting. It is also the only                     way in which we can judge what we are putting into the forefront                     of our lives and what we are banishing to the background.<\/p>\n<p>To obtain a conspectus of Canada, we may detach ourselves                     from our bustling surroundings and take station out in space.<\/p>\n<p>We shall see twenty million Canadians, heirs of the 3,635,000                     who inhabited the country a hundred years ago. We shall see                     grain elevators and sky-scrapers, railways and air strips,                     thousands of square miles of factories and millions of homes,                     all signs of material advancement. We shall also see the sun                     shining on the domes and spires of thousands of cathedrals,                     churches and synagogues, evidence that moral values are treasured                     among us.<\/p>\n<p>No one in his senses would suppose that everything in each                     century is better than in the one before. But viewed in a                     broad way, as from a great altitude, the movement is recognized                     to be of that sort.<\/p>\n<p>Canada may not have achieved all that she might, but when                     we measure her progress we do not find cause for pessimism.                     Our past is not ignoble.<\/p>\n<p>When we sketch the background with bold strokes, without                     going into details, we see that what looked at the time like                     disastrous events were merely incidents in the development                     of the nation, while the day-today efforts of the farmers                     and woodmen and explorers and trappers and governments built                     lastingly.<\/p>\n<p>Canada has achieved, not completely but to a considerable                     extent, a way of life having certain merits that are new in                     human history. It has moved toward eliminating poverty; it                     has cut down illness to a degree that a hundred years ago                     would have seemed ridiculously impossible; it has spread the                     opportunity for education throughout the country; and it has                     maintained a high degree of harmony between freedom and order.<\/p>\n<p>This is no unprofitable recapitulation. When we look at                     our past, we understand better what we are today and what                     we must do to make the future worthy.<\/p>\n<p>Having respect for the past both because of what our forefathers                     did then and because of what it has enabled us to do, does                     not mean adopting it slavishly. We may admire and profit by                     it, without trying to squeeze today&#8217;s circumstances into its                     mould.<\/p>\n<h3>The pioneers<\/h3>\n<p>Though Jacques Cartier made his first voyage to this land                     in 1534, the event whose hundredth anniversary Canada celebrates                     in 1967 did not take place until 333 years later.<\/p>\n<p>Those three centuries were marked by the hardship of pioneering                     in a country for which life in French and English villages                     was a poor rehearsal.<\/p>\n<p>Besides the adversity of climate and the heartache of loneliness                     there were hostile clans, belligerent neighbours, natural                     barriers, and the uncertainty of life under rulers who were                     three thousand miles away across an ocean traversed slowly                     by sailing vessels; rulers who knew little and cared less                     about conditions in their colonies.<\/p>\n<p>We may look back toward our ancestors with very deep sympathy                     for all their toil and tribulation, for all their unfinished                     business, and for all their unfulfilled desires, while at                     the same time giving them credit for their impregnable fortitude                     in laying the foundation of a road on which we may put the                     top-dressing. As we try to improve the heritage they left                     us we may find it an occasion for meekness.<\/p>\n<p>The men who followed the pioneers, to bring about Confederation,                     were brave men, too. They were not setting up a blast-off                     for a flight to some future state: they were building the                     state there and then. They were not philosophical theorists                     like Plato framing his <em>Republic<\/em>. They were not gifted                     with second sight showing them that within a hundred years                     the population would have increased between five- and sixfold;                     that oil and gas and gold and silver and copper, and iron                     ore, and nickel and a dozen other minerals would have entered                     the economy of the country; that transportation by land, water,                     air and pipeline would revolutionize the way of living. What                     they did was construct within their scope of knowledge, and                     with spirits that were idealistic and hands that were practical,                     a foundation on which two races and cultures could find firm                     footing as a united nation.<\/p>\n<p>Perched in an office building forty or more storeys taller                     than our fathers ever dreamed of, we may feel that we are                     getting up in the world. But modernity is only the moment                     of time in which we happen to find ourselves.<\/p>\n<p>We have reached these heights partly because of our heritage.                     From our pioneers we inherited the faculty of hard work, of                     making do while improving, of attending to business today                     while preparing for tomorrow. From more remote ancestors we                     inherited the ethical standards of the Hebraic-Christian faith;                     the humanistic spirit of the Greeks and of the Renaissance,                     emphasizing the dignity of man; the Roman and Anglo-Saxon                     rule of law to provide for peaceful change in society; and                     the democratic faith in liberty, equality and fraternity which                     came from the eighteenth century philosophers and the French                     Revolution.<\/p>\n<h3>Looking forward<\/h3>\n<p>No nation has solved the problem of keeping itself static.                     Day by day the past is being brought up to date and pushed                     into the future. Monuments to statesmen and conquering heroes                     are among the most depressing sights in the world unless someone                     keeps them tidied up and in order.<\/p>\n<p>Love of one&#8217;s country involves knowing what the country                     was, what it is, and what it may become &#8211; and then working                     toward the resulting ideal.<\/p>\n<p>Canada&#8217;s past was a good past with which to face the future.                     No country on earth is in better position to make its future                     bright and significant. The great danger is that of coming                     to believe that present wellbeing justifies relaxation.<\/p>\n<p>The future of Canada is largely based upon how we bestir                     ourselves today, but it also includes expectations and hopes                     which have their foundations deep in our thinking. It will,                     therefore, pay us to be quiet every once in a while, withdrawing                     from the compulsive haste of our environment, and listen to                     our deeper thoughts about the past and the future. Johannes                     Brahms is quoted as saying: &#8220;The reason why there is so much                     bad music in the world is that composers are in too much of                     a hurry.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We cannot be John Cabots, sailing off into the blue with                     the King&#8217;s patent to discover new lands. But we can be explorers                     in spirit, with democracy&#8217;s mandate to make this land better                     by discovering new ways of living and of doing things.<\/p>\n<p>The spirit of exploration, whether it be of the surface                     of the earth or the principles of living greatly, includes                     developing the capacity to face trouble with courage, disappointment                     with cheerfulness, and triumph with humility.<\/p>\n<h3>Patriotic democracy<\/h3>\n<p>Every person who thinks beyond next pay-day knows that a                     nation does not live by gross national product statistics                     alone. It must have high employment figures and healthy production                     figures, but these are not enough. It needs a spirit that                     holds the community together by giving its citizens a sense                     of sharing something unique. Its people may have different                     personal traditions, cultures, religions, backgrounds and                     earning power, but they must feel themselves to be vital elements                     in the Canadian society.<\/p>\n<p>This does not mean being patriotic in the sense of believing                     that your country, or province, or county is superior to all                     others because you were born in it or live there. True patriotism                     is not the emotional luxury of vanity expressing itself in                     flag-waving, but a sentiment that expresses itself as a share                     in collective life, standing staunchly for the good principles                     of one&#8217;s country. It is morale. It is living together.<\/p>\n<p>Morale is a sharing of goals in common, the enthusiastic                     planning of effective means of reaching those goals, and the                     aggressive and efficient team action that makes goals become                     realities.<\/p>\n<p>As the wizard Merlyn said to King Arthur in T. H. White&#8217;s                     delightful story <em>The Once and Future King<\/em>: &#8220;The destiny                     of Man is to unite, not to divide. If you keep on dividing                     you end up as a collection of monkeys throwing nuts at each                     other out of separate trees.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The patriotic democracy we seek is a spirit within individuals,                     not a piece of governmental machinery to hold people together.                     The citizen is one who enjoys the right of every man to have,                     in accordance with his aptitudes of character and mentality,                     the material and spiritual opportunities that nature and science                     have placed at the disposition of mankind, and who accords                     the same right to all other people. He believes in equality,                     but leaves room for excellence.<\/p>\n<p>Citizenship requires a large amount of perceptive intelligence.                     It is not a mode of life for people who are willing to hear                     only what they have always heard and who cling to beliefs                     and myths because they have always taken them for granted.<\/p>\n<p>To be an enlightened citizen is the essential idea which                     gives meaning and order to the discordant and confused mass                     of details in national life. This requires that we continue                     to learn. Democracy cannot be preserved by an illiterate mob:                     it demands that we struggle from ignorance to wisdom.<\/p>\n<p>The picture of a democracy drawn by Thucydides, one of the                     world&#8217;s great historians, is of a state made up of people                     who are self-reliant individuals, who want to be let alone                     to do their own work, but who are also closely bound together                     by a great aim, the commonweal, so that every one seeks to                     devote himself to his country&#8217;s good.<\/p>\n<p>If democracy is precious &#8211; and it is immeasurably superior                     to all other forms of national life &#8211; it must be worked                     at co-operatively, or we forfeit freedom.<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of our second century of nationhood we                     are still learning to be Canadians. We have no time to spend                     over the dead ashes of past controversies.<\/p>\n<h3>About living together<\/h3>\n<p>Looking at Canada&#8217;s problems as from a great height does                     not mean looking at them as one who does not care, but rather                     as one who cuts through attitudes and prejudices to look at                     facts as they are and then joins others to fix what is faulty                     and expand what is good. This approach brings together people                     of all races and languages and religions to realize their                     hopes in the large context of Canada. The people who built                     the Tower of Babel deserve credit at least for getting together                     in an effort to reach heaven.<\/p>\n<p>What is the story of Canada? Great nations, France and Britain,                     established colonies in North America. By the chance of arms,                     all came under the British Crown. In similar circumstances                     elsewhere the outcome has been painful as one culture absorbed                     another forcibly. Canadians found a different way of doing                     things. They embarked upon an experiment never conceived of                     elsewhere. Settlement was not reached by warriors drawn up                     in battle array as at Runnymede, or by terror and the guillotine                     as in France, but peacefully by negotiation. It was a rare                     feat, accomplished with great difficulty.<\/p>\n<p>The nation that was established a hundred years ago is a                     continental one made up of separate provinces. Canada has                     made her two-race society work by applying a great deal of                     intelligence, hard work, and determination by both groups.<\/p>\n<p>All history shows that dissolution of Canada into smaller                     states would be like the blowing out of candles in a castle,                     one by one, until all the castle is dark. The anthropologists                     have found in all the outlandish parts of the world that it                     is possible for human beings to live together co-operatively                     under an extraordinary variety of conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Plato&#8217;s story in one of his dialogues makes clear that prosperity                     results when pious, law-abiding, industrious people develop                     a civilization, but falls apart in the midst of bickering.<\/p>\n<p>Alexander Hamilton, urging the United States against fragmentation,                     said this: &#8220;I have endeavoured to place before you the importance                     of union to your political safety and happiness. I have unfolded                     to you a complication of dangers to which you would be exposed,                     should you permit that sacred knot which binds the people                     of America together, to be severed by ambition or by avarice,                     by jealousy or by misrepresentation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And Napoleon Bonaparte declared: &#8220;The simple title of French                     citizen is worth far more than that of any of those thousand                     and one denominations which have sprung from the spirit of                     faction, and which are hurling the nation into an abyss.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Utopia requires purpose<\/h3>\n<p>We cannot do without the idea of Utopia, even though we                     deny being idealists. If there were no Utopian standard for                     Canada it would be necessary to invent one. Some may attempt                     to evade responsibility for building a better Canada by saying:                     &#8220;What&#8217;s the use? Life is but a dream&#8221;. The realist will reply:                     &#8220;The search for Utopia may be a dream, but let us live this                     dream as beautifully as we can.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The world we are building, even in our most enlightened                     moments, is still far from the world we want: a world of good                     will, mutual respect, reciprocal confidence, and unselfish                     co-operative endeavour. What we seek will recapture the values                     of the Golden Age and give them a larger and more universal                     setting.<\/p>\n<p>A nation is not, as H. G. Wells cynically suggested, a group                     of people gathered together under a foreign office, but a                     group of people with a purpose in life, a purpose in being                     together. Canada has passed the twenty million mark in population,                     but the state of the nation is not measured in figures. It                     is far stronger than the sum of its parts. It has a bond of                     confidence between its people, the quality of comradeship,                     and a sense of united purpose.<\/p>\n<p>An observer from the <em>Manchester Guardian <\/em>wrote a                     few years ago: &#8220;Canada seems to be a nation wrapped in the                     darkest self-doubt.&#8221; There is danger that some of our people                     may feel &#8220;lost&#8221;, and perhaps the time has come to develop                     for them a dynamically constructive role in national life.                     It would concentrate thought and energy on making Canada a                     good place, and combine practical wisdom in government with                     the moral virtue of an enduring code of values.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Value&#8221; is a multi-purpose word. It may mean the tendency                     to prefer one kind of object to another; it may mean the choice                     of this or that action directed by anticipation or foresight                     of the consequences; it may be concerned with what is ethically                     excellent.<\/p>\n<p>When a way of life is changing very rapidly, as our own                     is at present, offering more and more choices for individuals,                     there is danger that the essential foundation principles may                     perish. Then it might come about that we had no longer enough                     items on which all members of our society agree to provide                     our culture with form and substance. This is why it is urgent                     that we take an over-all view, plan a course, and enter enthusiastically                     into preserving and enlarging our already big store of things                     in common: our culture.<\/p>\n<h3>What culture is<\/h3>\n<p>Culture is not adeptness in performing or admiring the arts.                     It is the superiority of our thought, our enjoyment of beauty,                     our efforts to raise ourselves and others to a higher level;                     it implies openness of mind, objectiveness of attitude, a                     sensitive appreciation of human values, and development of                     the potentialities all of us have.<\/p>\n<p>To expand in this way is to grow up, to become mature. There                     is nothing sadder than the boy genius who does not understand                     why the performance that won him acclaim when he was fifteen                     draws only polite applause now that he is thirty.<\/p>\n<p>We have, in Canada, passed from the stone age to the age                     of agriculture; from that to industrialization; from that                     to nuclear power. While we are not trying to handle the everyday                     work of this century using stone-age tools, we have perhaps                     relaxed our grip on the urbanities picked up through the years                     and remained static intellectually.<\/p>\n<p>The imponderable things are important; things that cannot                     be measured with the yardstick of utility or weighed on the                     scales of affluence. In planning ahead for our second century                     as a nation are we going to judge the degree of our civilization                     by the number of automobiles per hundred thousand population?<\/p>\n<p>A building which houses archives has printed on its fa\u00e7ade                     the phrase from Shakespeare&#8217;s <em>Tempest<\/em>: &#8220;What&#8217;s past                     is prologue.&#8221; In the play, Antonio completes his comment by                     saying that what is to come is in our hands.<\/p>\n<p>This is a time for digesting experience, applying co-operative                     wisdom, and making plans. Without plans we shall be jostled                     and confused by events. Our social and political structures                     will become a medley of ill-assorted adaptations to successive                     needs. We shall be like the paramecium, that lowly one-celled                     creature which progresses through life by taking avoiding                     action. It bumps into an obstacle, backs up, and goes off                     in a new direction.<\/p>\n<p>Our plans will have to be repeatedly re-edited, of course.                     We may have to go back to the drawing-board in the knowledge                     that charts drawn a hundred years ago or last year do not                     meet the priorities and proportions of today.<\/p>\n<p>When we have plans, and when the traditions and energies                     of all the nations represented in our population become assembled                     to press toward the ideal, Canada will become a distinguished                     nation, and Canadians will enrich their lives.<\/p>\n<p>All men have many things in common although all men are                     different. We can always find an area of agreement if we determine                     to do so. Thereafter, co-operation requires only tolerance                     and trust, and these can often take the place of legislation.                     There is no &#8220;ism&#8221; that will substitute for patient, pedestrian,                     earnest work participated in by everyone pulling in the same                     direction.<\/p>\n<h3>Action needed<\/h3>\n<p>As Canada turns into her second century of confederation                     she has no time for lethargy. She needs leaders in church,                     university, school, community and government who have a long                     view and who will sound a spirit-stirring note calling her                     people to national and individual advancement. Not so much                     a new ideology is needed as an earnest spirit that will sustain                     the people of Canada in seeking the good life.<\/p>\n<p>Our Centenary resolutions must have vitality and the thrust                     of immediacy. This is not a time to dote or dream, but a time                     for obtaining knowledge and taking action; for a sense of                     purpose plus enthusiasm. The Greeks meant by &#8220;enthusiasm&#8221;                     the visit of a god: to be enthusiastic is to permit the divine                     fire to flow through one&#8217;s veins. Then the impossible becomes                     possible.<\/p>\n<p>How far this is from the belief of some that an easy life                     is desirable! Such people are looking only for what is given                     them. If bread is supplied regularly and plentifully three                     times a day, they will be content to live by bread alone,                     with perhaps a few circuses to liven things up. About such                     people the Grand Inquisitor in Dostoevsky&#8217;s parable says:                     &#8220;In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say                     to us, &#8216;make us your slaves, but feed us&#8217;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Is there any danger of this in Canada? Even the Greeks and                     Romans descended to it. After prevailing magnificently in                     a barbaric world, slackness and softness came over them to                     their ruin. In the end, they wanted security and a comfortable                     life more than they wanted freedom, and they lost all.<\/p>\n<p>Canada has, at this memorable period in her history, assembled                     the spirited and enterprising people of numerous races in                     an environment favourable to the development of a great society.                     It is a time for all Canadians to share a great moment in                     history.<\/p>\n<p>Sir Charles G. D. Roberts wrote a poem addressed to Canada                     which begins: &#8220;O child of nations, giant-limbed, who stand&#8217;st                     among the nations now&nbsp;&#8230; &#8220;. It has a vigorous line:                     &#8220;O Falterer, let thy past convince thy future.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In doing so we shall see the need to brush aside artificial                     grievances, throw away scarecrows, spurn glossy bait, and                     exorcize divisive influences.<\/p>\n<p>With vision, and the firm and dignified determination to                     do the best we can, much may be accomplished in the second                     century of the nation &#8211; much that we should be proud                     to look back upon from Canada&#8217;s two hundredth birthday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"rbc_letter_theme":[],"rbc_letter_year":[46],"class_list":["post-3709","rbc_letter","type-rbc_letter","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","rbc_letter_year-46"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>December 1966 - VOL. 47, No. 12 - Seeing Canada Whole - RBC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rbc.com\/en\/about-us\/history\/letter\/december-1966-vol-47-no-12-seeing-canada-whole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"December 1966 - VOL. 47, No. 12 - Seeing Canada Whole - RBC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Centenary year offers Canadians an opportunity to take a good look at themselves and their country, to view themselves from many angles, and to see themselves as others see them. 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